Learning the Basic Steps of MySQL

Learning the Basic Steps of MySQL New site proprietors frequently stagger at the notice of database the board, not understanding how much a database can upgrade aâ website experience. A database is justâ an sorted out and organized assortment of data.â MySQL is a free open source SQL database the executives framework. At the point when you comprehend MySQL, you can utilize it to store content for your site and access that content legitimately utilizing PHP. You dont even need to know SQL to speak with MySQL. You simply need to realize how to work the product that your web have gives. Much of the time that is phpMyAdmin. Before You Begin Experienced developers may decide to oversee dataâ by utilizing the SQL code straightforwardly either through a shell instant or through an a question window. New clients are in an ideal situation figuring out how to utilize phpMyAdmin. It is the most famous MySQL the board program, and practically all web has have it introduced for you to utilize. Contact your host to discover where and how you can get to it. You have to know your MySQL login before you begin.â Make a Database The principal thing you have to do is make a database. When that is done, you can begin including data. To make a database in phpMyAdmin: Sign in to your record at your web facilitating site.Locate and snap the phpMyAdmin symbol and sign in. It will be in your sites pull folder.Look for Create New Database on the screen.Enter the database name in the field gave andâ click Create.â In the event that the make database include is incapacitated, contact your host to make another database. You should have permissionâ to make new databases. After you make the database, you are taken to a screen where you can enter tables. Making Tables In the database, you can have numerous tables, and each table is a network with data held inâ cells on the lattice. You have to make in any event one table to hold information in your database. In the zone marked Create new table on database [your_database_name], enter a name (for instance: address_book) and type a number in the Fields cell. Fields are segments that hold data. In the address_book model, these fields hold first name, last name, road address, etc. In the event that you know the quantity of fields you need, enter it. Something else, simply enter a default number 4. You can change the quantity of fields later. Snap Go. In the following screen, enter an elucidating name for each field and select an information type for each field. Text and number are the two most well known sorts. The Data Since you have made a database, you can enter information straightforwardly into the fields utilizing phpMyAdmin. Information in a table can be overseen from multiple points of view. An instructional exercise on ways toâ add, alter, erase, and search the data in your databaseâ gets you started.â Get Relational The extraordinary thing about MySQL is that it is a social database. This implies the information from one of your tables can be utilized related to information on another table as long as they share one field practically speaking. This is known as a Join, and you can figure out how to do it in this MySQL Joins instructional exercise. Working From PHP When you get the hang of using SQL to work with your database, you can utilize SQL from PHP records on your site. This permits your site to store all its substance in your database and access it powerfully varying by each page or every guests demand.

10 New Years Resolutions for College Students

10 New Years Resolutions for College Students While New Years Eve regularly brings a gathering, the new year itself frequently brings extraordinary trusts in change and development. On the off chance that youre an undergrad, the new year presents the ideal opportunity to set a few goals that can help make your scholastic year progressively positive, gainful, and enjoyable.â Great New Years goals, obviously, are not simply those that address the things throughout your life youd like to change or enhance; they likewise are sensible enough that youre probably to stay with them. Get (a Specific Number) of Hours of Sleep every Night Being explicit about your objectives for the new year; for instance, get in any event 6 hours of rest a night as opposed to getting more rest. Making your goals as explicit as potential makes them increasingly substantial and simpler to accomplish. And keeping in mind that school life is a struggle and regularly restless, ensuring you get enough rest every night is basic to your drawn out progress (and wellbeing!) in school. Get (a Specific Amount) of Exercise Each Week ​While discovering time to practice in school in any event, for 30 minutes-can appear to be unthinkable for some understudies, its imperative to attempt to fuse physical action into your school life schedule. All things considered, those little 30 minutes at the exercise center can give you more vitality for the duration of the day (and week). Ensure your objective is explicit, be that as it may; rather than go to the exercise center, make a goals to work out for 30 minutes in any event 4 times each week, join an intramural games group, or work out 4 times each week with a work-out accomplice. Eat Healthier at Each Meal School life is famous for its unfortunate food alternatives: oily eating corridor food, awful conveyance, ramen noodles, and pizza all over the place. Make an objective to include at any rate something sound at every dinner, as in any event one serving of natural products or vegetables. Or then again cut out (or if nothing else down) on your soft drink consumption. Or on the other hand change to abstain from food pop. Or on the other hand cut down on your caffeine admission, for instance, so that youll rest better around evening time. Regardless of what you include or switch, doing little changes each time you eat can prompt huge contrasts. Cut Down on Your Cocurricular Involvement Numerous understudies are engaged with a wide range of clubs, exercises, and groups that meet routinely nearby. And keeping in mind that this cocurricular contribution can be acceptable, it likewise can be impeding to your scholastics. On the off chance that you need additional time, are battling in your classes, or simply by and large feel overpowered, consider eliminating your cocurricular contribution. You may be amazed at how much better you feel with an additional hour or two every week. Give Something New or Step A shot of Your Comfort Zone in any event Once every Month Odds are, there are things occurring on your grounds all day, every day. Also, a considerable lot of them are on points or include exercises that youre not in the slightest degree acquainted with. Challenge yourself a little to take a stab at something absolutely new in any event once per month. Go to a talk on a theme you know nothing or next to no about; go to a social occasion youve never knew about; volunteer to help with a reason you discover you ought to study yet just never investigated. You may be astonished at the amount you have a ball! Dont Use a Credit Card for Things You Want-Only Use It for Things You Need The exact opposite thing you need in school is to be burdened with Visa obligation and the going with regularly scheduled installment youre required to make. Be severe about your charge card use and possibly use it when its totally essential for things you need. (For instance, you need books for your classes. Yet, you dont fundamentally need-in spite of the fact that you may need those costly new shoes when the ones you have can last an additional couple of months.) Finish Your Papers at any rate One Day in Advance This may sound totally unreasonable and hopeful, yet on the off chance that you glance back at your time in school, when have you been the most focused? Probably the most elevated pressure portions of the semester come when significant papers and activities are expected. Furthermore, intending to accomplish something the prior night is, truly, wanting to hesitate. So why not plan rather to complete somewhat early so you can get some rest, not be as focused, and-no doubt turn in a superior task? Volunteer in any event Once per Week Its overly simple to become involved with the little air pocket that is your school. Worry over papers, the absence of rest, and disappointment including companions to funds can rapidly devour both your psyche and soul. Chipping in, then again, offers you an opportunity to give back while additionally helping you keep things in context. Special reward: Youll feel amazing subsequently! Take a Leadership Position on Campus Things may turn into excessively routine for you during your time in school (particularly during the Sophomore Slump). You go to class, go to a couple of gatherings, possibly work your nearby activity, and afterward ... do it once more. Focusing on an administration position, such as being a RA or on the official leading body of a club, can help challenge your cerebrum in new and energizing manners. Invest Energy With People Outside of Your College Friends Without a doubt, this may should be done electronically, however its significant. Invest energy Skyping with your closest companion from secondary school; let yourself visit online with individuals who arent at your school; consider your kin now and again to check in and find out about things back home. While your school life might be all-devouring now, it will be over before you know it ... furthermore, the connections youve kept with the non-school individuals throughout your life will be significant once youre authoritatively a college alum.

Feminist Literary Criticism and Lysistrata Essay -- Literary Analysis,

Traditionally, ladies dramatists are totally missing. There were basically no ladies essayists at all up until at any rate the seventeenth century. This reality initially drove women's activist pundits to dismiss the traditional period. In an article titled â€Å"Classical Drag: The Greek Creation of Female Parts,† Sue Ellen Case expresses that on the grounds that â€Å"traditional grant has concentrated on proof identified with composed writings, the nonattendance of ladies dramatists got fundamental to early women's activist investigations† (132). Regardless of this nonappearance of female authors, women's activist pundits examine the job of ladies in old Greece in different ways. As of late, women's activist essayists have had the option to dig further into the traditional period by looking at female characters from crafted by male dramatists. The development of ladies in male writing is critical. Diminish Barry, in his part on women's activist scholarly analysis in his book Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, states that watching the female characters in works by men is significant in light of the fact that it gives â€Å"role models which showed to ladies, and men, what comprised satisfactory variant of the ‘feminine’ and real ladylike objectives and aspirations† (122). Investigating the jobs of the ladies inside the works encourages us decide the sort of job ladies and men involve according to one another notwithstanding the individual attributes of the ladies. This understanding into the relations among people includes another layer of information for women's activist pundits. The portrayal of ladies by ladies essayists contrasts incredibly from the delineation of ladies by male authors. Ladies, as spoke to by men, speak to generalizations of genuine ladies. That is, â€Å"the women's activist pundit may expect that the pictures of... ...ial and social proof of the job of ladies in antiquated Greece. Regardless of the way that he is in reality a man, Aristophanes works superbly catching certain parts of his female characters: their drive to succeed, their normal flirtatiousness, the general want to end war carefully, and their passionate subjugation to the divine beings. Aristophanes additionally has a strong handle of the social circumstance of ladies in his time. For instance, he knows where the line of resistance would be drawn: if the spouses constrained the wives into engaging in sexual relations, they should yield. He knows how the eventually concede to their husbands’ judgment, especially in political issues. Finally, he realizes that their interests are mostly residential. Be that as it may, he by and large misconstrues or distorts numerous parts of the female character. The women's activist scholarly pundit would rush to bring up these errors.

Public speaking: A vital skill for teachers Essay

â€Å"I have a dream† a discourse by Martin Luther King that assembled a country and separated racial obstructions. Without Kings initiative and moving discourse it might have taken an additional 10 years to carry equity to all races. Hitler’s numerous discourses were conveyed with outrageous energy and caused apparently one of the most terrible destructions ever. Since the beginning open talking has joined individuals and caused incredible change, both to improve things and more terrible. Open talking is significant, in history and throughout everyday life. It is an essential aptitude in numerous orders. Anyway no place more unmistakable than training. Open talking in instruction is the means by which instructors motivate, educate and connect with understudies. Great open talking aptitudes can upgrade certainty, relational abilities, help show information and improve open image. Public talking for the most part comprises of three fundamental segments including readin ess, visual guides and non-verbal correspondence. How well these three primary segments are shown or utilized can be the contrast between an extraordinary persuasive instructor who can move and show understudies and a class that won't focus and an educator who can't lock in. Planning is key in introducing a very much idea out, great introduction. To a teacher readiness is indispensable. Readiness ordinarily comprises of the accompanying components crowd, inquire about, explanatory blend and practice. Elisabeth Gareis in Guidelines for Public Speaking communicates the significance of fitting to the crowd. Gareis (2006) states that â€Å"at all occasions during the way toward planning and conveying a discourse, we have to remember that we are addressing a group of people and not simply to ourselves† (pp.3). For a teacher it is critical to know the understudies and the educational plan with the goal that the data and how the data is conveyed is custom fitted to the particular class. The crowd is critical and open talking is tied in with drawing in the crowd whether it be a class of evaluation ones, understudies in secondary school or even work associates. Notwithstanding if the intention is to convince, contend or engage without the audience’s consideration the message is lost. To evade the loss of the message and to keep the crowd connected with it is crucial to know the intended interest group. Know the understudies or associates standards, the classes’ decent variety, the convictions and desires (Nash, 2013). Realizing the crowd can help consolidate what the crowd expects and the reason for the introduction or exercise to harmonize together successfully. Anyway knowing the crowd or class is just a large portion of the fight as open talking or instructing is inconsequential without a remark. Instructors depend on trustworthy sources to show understudies explicit subjects. Research is the device educators most usually use to discover pertinent, dependable, scholarly sources that help and clarify the particular orders instructed to the class. Research is significant in making a very much idea out, all around created exer cise where can be tried by a scholastic standards. Accordingly look into is significant in maneuvering up the three most ostensibly significant angles to draw in understudies. Logos, Ethos and Pathos make up the expository blend created by Aristotle. Aristotle contended that the nearness of Logos, Ethos and Pathos is indispensable in making an enticing discourse (Nash, 2013, pp 154-155). Logos: the intrigue to rationale, Ethos: the intrigue to validity and Pathos: the intrigue to feeling (Eunson,â 2012 as refered to in Nash, 2013) are on the whole similarly imperative to address in a convincing contention. Tending to each of the three parts of a logical blend is a compelling method to make a connecting with introduction that conveys its message in a manner the crowd or understudies can without much of a stretch comprehend. Practice is the last phase of arrangement that brings all parts of the introduction or exercise together (Scudder.V, 2009). Practice is a viable method to ensure all subtleties of an introduction are so as to work at the most elevated conceivable quality. Practice is critical to making an expert learning condition for the understudies and a sound name for the Teacher. Consequently practice is likewise the best spot to ensure all visual and sound guide viewpoints are in working request so an expert learning condition can be kept up and student’s consideration don't tired (Scudder.V, 2009). Visual guides give a further perspective to any introduction. Pictures, recordings, gifts, banners and force focuses are completely included as a type of visual guide. Visual guides can be utilized as an apparatus to connect with understudies and supplement content. Anyway Visual guides particularly illustrative guides, for example, power point pictures and video cuts, ought to be utilized sparingly just to accentuation or clarify the exercises content (Wright, J. 2009). Jane Wright clarifies in ‘The job of PC programming in introducing information’ that conveying an introduction with both sound and visual improvements can influence the measure of data held by the crowd. Along these lines for instructors it is essential to tailor to the exercise just utilizing visual or sound guides important to convey the necessary data. Thus motions and activities can be similarly as connecting as an image along these lines the same amount of accentuation ought to be put on non-verbal correspondence as visual or sound guides. Non-verbal correspondence incorporates with or without type of correspondence from the substance said so anyone might hear. Non-verbal correspondence proposes everything from what you wear to how you stand can convey a message to your crowd (Nash, 2013). To instructors this is particularly significant as understudies focus on how an educator looks and acts. Non-verbal correspondence is basic for granting information to understudies and keeping up their consideration. Position, eye to eye connection, signals and paralinguistics would all be able to convey certainty, information and excitement. Understudies are bound to tune in to an instructor dressed proficient, looking, moving around the room and setting accentuation on key territories with motions and volume than a slumped over,â monotone educator who couldn't put forth the attempt to press their shirt. Non-verbal correspondence can be similarly as significant if not a higher priority than visual guides. As utilizing trustworthiness and eagerness just as great relational abilities to draw in understudies is substantially more compelling for instructors to impart the ideal substance (Wright, J. 2009) Public talking is critical for an instructor. Understudies Listen to Teachers who rouse them and who convey their thoughts, information or exercise adequately. In the event that an instructor can't speak with understudies, at that point they can't be a Teacher. Subsequently it is imperative for a teacher to get comfortable and to ace the key zones of turning into an incredible persuasive, drawing in open speaker. Arrangement, Visual guides and Non-Verbal correspondence whenever utilized accurately are what can give any discourse or exercise significant. Subsequently instructors should know that open talking is an everyday custom and acing it is the thing that can change an educator to a rousing coach who connects with their understudies. Reference List Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning hypothesis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Nash, G. (2013). A manual for college appraisal. QLD, Australia: John Wiley and Sons. Segment 5 pp. 158-184. Scudder.V (2009). G Sound check: How to stay away from introduction threats. October, p. 10 Wright, J. (2009). The job of program in introducing data: introduction programming is utilized as often as possible to disperse thoughts in visual structures that can be seen without any problem. Jane wright asks whether senior medical attendants ought to build up their aptitudes in talk. 16 (4), 30â€34. Elisabeth Gareis Guidelines for open talking, pp. 3-4

Statement of Intent for apply for graduate school Essay

Articulation of Intent for apply for graduate school - Essay Example This is on the grounds that I would prefer not to confine myself. Fordham University is my preferred University since I trust it can furnish me with the significant abilities and information I need so as to prevail in my profession. Furthermore, the University offers monetary program and since that is my field of study, I will be happy to join Fordham University as my doctoral level college. I have different aptitudes remembering PC abilities for Microsoft office, for example, PowerPoint, word, access, just as R code SAS framework, information examination, and time arrangement models. In like manner, I can peruse and talk in Chinese and English also. I have done various low maintenance employments while going to Stony Brook University. For example, I have been a guide since 2010 to 2011, instructing kids matured between seven to eight years with essentials of Chinese characters, articulation and fundamental math. Likewise, I had a two-year experience functioning as open connection supervisor and monetary chief at Chinese Literature Club at Stony Brook University. I had my temporary job practice from Faith Asset Management LLC in NJ from June to August 2012, where I increased a ton of experience about my profession. My shifted work proficiencies have given me a superior comprehension of the idea of chances that are accessible to me. There is so much that I want to learn and see particularly concerning financial aspects and math. I have been constantly enthralled with financial aspects and some time or another I want to be a money related supervisor at the most popular association. As of now, I am working for Sky Academy as preside nt right hand as I stand by to join a master's level college for additional vocation development. Since the time I was a youngster, I have wanted to have a profession in financial matters. My wants have been enormously impacted by my dad who has constantly persuaded me to turn into the individual I am today. This is on the grounds that I have consistently been a diligent employee and have

Make Use of Strong Essay Examples For Better Writing

Make Use of Strong Essay Examples For Better WritingThe author of this article is an accomplished high school English teacher and essay writer. I've spent many years writing essays for my students, and I can't say that I've had a better experience than the one I had as a high school teacher. But I'll also admit that as an essay writer, I needed strong essay samples to give my students. They needed examples that they could imitate, examples that would help them find their own voice.Since I am an academic and writer, I am drawn to essays that are not just written but also connected to specific topics that affect my academic subjects. I need to have some form of background information that I can write about. The writing is an integral part of my job, and I can't do my job without having good essays.In writing essays, your topics, skills, and personality can be very important. We have all read articles that are written in the third person and glossed over in the first person. Some of our essays are funny, some are serious, some are dramatic, some are intellectual, and others just require you to be creative. In writing an essay, it's not just about writing words. It's about creating a compelling narrative, connecting a general topic to a particular idea, and giving voice to your intellectual side.When you're writing an essay, how do you get your ideas to flow? You don't want to just follow a rule or technique and then start typing. I'm going to give you three ways to increase your writing ability.Get started with an original thought. Each essay begins with an original thought or idea. You should never use any information that is found elsewhere. Using existing ideas can come off as lazy and without any quality.Tone your article. What do you want to convey? Do you want to be engaging, or do you want to be a corporate executive? The key to writing an essay is to be clear and concise, so being clear will always come across in your writing. Use your choice of words and grammar to create clarity.Copy or clone someone else. If you are writing an essay, chances are someone else has already done it. You can learn from their mistakes and use the knowledge that they have available to you. This gives you the chance to use their methods and opinions and move your writing forward.Strong essay samples will help you connect and express your thoughts clearly and accurately. Students are always looking for writers to copy. The use of their examples can help to improve your writing skills.

Negative Externality in Australia Research Paper - 3025 Words

Negative Externality in Australia (Research Paper Sample) Content: NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY IN AUSTRALIAAuthor:Institution:Date of Submission:IntroductionExternalities occur when the decisions arrived at by a party fail to factor the costs and benefits likely to be imposed on other parties and the environment. From a societys viewpoint, the presence of externalities can make people undertake too much or too little of a given activity. On the basis of recognized policy principles, research indicates that the presence of negative externalities often warrants government intervention in order to safeguard the welfare of the society by creating a succinct alignment of marginal social benefits and costs. This paper analyzes some common negative externalities, as well as possible ways through which government intervention may control and regulate these externalities. The study conducted in this paper is based upon a case study of the wastewater management system in Australia. The analysis of negative externalities in this case study is better a pproached by tackling the following three questions:Explain what negative externalities are, and why there may be a case for government intervention to address them. Describe some of the ways to correct the negative externalities and the pros and cons of each method. Provide real life examples.An externality arises when some activities by consumers or producers result in unintended indirect effects over other consumers or producers. Externalities may be negative or positive (Laffont 2008). In this case, negative externalities arise when the action of a party results in damage to other people without any form of compensation being awarded for that damage. Within the context of a business environment, a negative externality refers to a spill-over of an economic transaction that result in negative effects on a party that has no any direct involvement in the activity that causes the externality. Thus, the first party does not incur any costs for the repercussions on society while the se cond party gets no benefits from the effects inflicted upon them. Externalities constitute one of the many reasons that lead to government intervention within the economic sphere. This is because the production, consumption, as well as investment decisions made by households, individuals, and organizations or firms usually affect people who are not directly involved in the transactionsMost externalities fall into the technical externalities category. In this context, the indirect effects impact on the production and consumption opportunities of other people, though the cost of the product or service does not consider those externalities. Consequently, there exist some differences between the returns or costs to the society and the private returns. Regarding the assertion that technical externalities require government intervention and taxation with an aim of preventing less-than-optimal results has led to an argument by economists that market mechanisms should be allowed to correct for any externalities and offer efficient outcomes. Against this proposition, optimal government regulation might be the implementation of institutional mechanisms that enable proper bargaining between the parties involved in the externalities.Types of Negative ExternalitiesThere are two types of negative externalities:Negative Production ExternalityThese occur when a companys production degrades the well-being of people who are not entitled to any form of compensation from the polluting firm. Examples of this type of externality include the emission of smoke from factories leading to clean-up expenses in efforts to reduce air pollution by the surrounding communities. Another example is the construction of a water reservoir such as a dam. The result is the destruction of the fishing industry in the rivers upstream. The externality here arises due to the fact that the fishermen who relied on fishing are not compensated by the company that is now bound to benefit from the activities t hat it carries out on the dam.Negative Consumption ExternalityThese arise when the consumption by one individual lowers the well-being of other people who do not receive any compensation from the individual. Examples of these kinds of externalities include an individual smoking a cigarette in a public place thus affecting the well-being of other people within that public place, and who happen to be non-smokers (Holcombe Sobel 2007).Ways of Correcting Negative ExternalitiesTaxationThe government can make use of the pigouvian tax in order to lower the consumption of a particular good or service. For example in the case of cigarette smoking, such a tax can be implemented by the government with an aim of discouraging smokers from acquiring more of this product. One of the demerits of such a government measure is that even with the additional costs; some people may still prefer to consume the product by adjusting their spending. In such a situation, the tax measure becomes more of addit ional revenue to the government rather than a negative consumption externality that it was supposed to be. Furthermore, companies still retain the option to comply with the new tax or allocate more resources to curb the pollution. In this case, companies might decide to continue causing the externality if the expenses are less than the cost of abating pollution. Companies might also decide to lay-off their workers in order to recover the new taxation costs (Ben-David 2010).Pigouvian tax is often applied as a flat sales tax and not a progressive tax. Thus, the taxation measure does not take into consideration the producers or consumers willingness and ability to pay. Therefore, the tax could be applied in a manner that makes even the least well-off individuals to pay most of the cost. For instance, the carbon taxes aimed at raising the cost of gasoline and other fossil fuels have become very controversial. The critics of these taxes argue that the least well-off people may not have any choice in their habits of consumption. Thus, they still have to pay for the gasoline for their daily activities. On the other hand, the financially well-off people can cut back rather easily.Environmental Protection RegulationsA tax can make firms fault to pay up; however, when the tax is made cheaper than another alternative method of production, the problem of pollution cannot be solved. In such a case, the government can give emission permits that regulate the amount of pollution that a company can produce within legal standards.Tort Law (Tort System)The system involves a clear definition by the government on the rights of every individual. For example, one has the right to own a property without anybody pouring any form of toxic wastes near the premises. In the war between environmental and commercial interests, it is often easier to support the seemingly defenseless party. This perception fuels the notion that most legislation passed against negative externalities, usually is exaggerated to play within the emotions of the audience observing images of pollution on the media domains. In most of the times, people harbor the notion that large companies are closely connected to pollution (dumping, smog and oil spills) due to incidences resulting from incompetence and gross negligence, but fail to take into account simple human error.Internalizing CostsThe method of internalizing the costs of particular products is an effective and attractive way of addressing the issue of externalities. Through internalization, the higher social price and cost is achieved, consequently leading to an effective method of allocating resources. The fundamental assumption in this context is that the internalization of costs can quantify external costs.Choose a case study from your home country (Australia) where an externality exists in a current market. Using the key characteristic of four market structures identify the type of market structure in your case study (ie. monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition or monopolistic competition). Illustrate the situation with externalities in your case study and the resulting deadweight loss in a diagram and discuss ways that your government has addressed the presence of negative externalities in the market.This discussion examines the negative externalities caused by the discharge of effluents into sewerage systems by water users in Australia. There are numerous externalities that relate to the harmful external effects of commercial and residential clients disposing wastewater into the sewerage line before subsequent treatment and disposal. Some particular pollutants are extremely corrosive and cause extensive damage to sewerage and treatment facilities. Additionally, the discharge of non-hazardous substances into sewers (such as nitrogen, salts, and phosphorus) raises the cost of water treatment before its discharge into the environment. Hazardous substances such as corrosive materials and metals often pose subs tantial health risks to water businesses workers and exacerbate the costs of infrastructure maintenance. It is important to note that some pollutants only become hazardous to human beings a t a certain level. Whereas end-of-system treatment to a certain level happens before discharge to the environment, environmental impacts, public health, and amenity could still occur before this happens (Institute of Sustainable Futures 2007). For instance, after a heavy downpour, sewerage systems often overflow and pipes crack, resulting in the pollutant substances getting into the environment, such as urban waterways. This result in external costs similar to those encountered during storm water and wastewater disposal. It is plausible that the issue of wastewater management in Australia presents a wide range of negative externalities that have justified government intervention. Wastewater... Negative Externality in Australia Research Paper - 3025 Words Negative Externality in Australia (Research Paper Sample) Content: NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY IN AUSTRALIAAuthor:Institution:Date of Submission:IntroductionExternalities occur when the decisions arrived at by a party fail to factor the costs and benefits likely to be imposed on other parties and the environment. From a societys viewpoint, the presence of externalities can make people undertake too much or too little of a given activity. On the basis of recognized policy principles, research indicates that the presence of negative externalities often warrants government intervention in order to safeguard the welfare of the society by creating a succinct alignment of marginal social benefits and costs. This paper analyzes some common negative externalities, as well as possible ways through which government intervention may control and regulate these externalities. The study conducted in this paper is based upon a case study of the wastewater management system in Australia. The analysis of negative externalities in this case study is better a pproached by tackling the following three questions:Explain what negative externalities are, and why there may be a case for government intervention to address them. Describe some of the ways to correct the negative externalities and the pros and cons of each method. Provide real life examples.An externality arises when some activities by consumers or producers result in unintended indirect effects over other consumers or producers. Externalities may be negative or positive (Laffont 2008). In this case, negative externalities arise when the action of a party results in damage to other people without any form of compensation being awarded for that damage. Within the context of a business environment, a negative externality refers to a spill-over of an economic transaction that result in negative effects on a party that has no any direct involvement in the activity that causes the externality. Thus, the first party does not incur any costs for the repercussions on society while the se cond party gets no benefits from the effects inflicted upon them. Externalities constitute one of the many reasons that lead to government intervention within the economic sphere. This is because the production, consumption, as well as investment decisions made by households, individuals, and organizations or firms usually affect people who are not directly involved in the transactionsMost externalities fall into the technical externalities category. In this context, the indirect effects impact on the production and consumption opportunities of other people, though the cost of the product or service does not consider those externalities. Consequently, there exist some differences between the returns or costs to the society and the private returns. Regarding the assertion that technical externalities require government intervention and taxation with an aim of preventing less-than-optimal results has led to an argument by economists that market mechanisms should be allowed to correct for any externalities and offer efficient outcomes. Against this proposition, optimal government regulation might be the implementation of institutional mechanisms that enable proper bargaining between the parties involved in the externalities.Types of Negative ExternalitiesThere are two types of negative externalities:Negative Production ExternalityThese occur when a companys production degrades the well-being of people who are not entitled to any form of compensation from the polluting firm. Examples of this type of externality include the emission of smoke from factories leading to clean-up expenses in efforts to reduce air pollution by the surrounding communities. Another example is the construction of a water reservoir such as a dam. The result is the destruction of the fishing industry in the rivers upstream. The externality here arises due to the fact that the fishermen who relied on fishing are not compensated by the company that is now bound to benefit from the activities t hat it carries out on the dam.Negative Consumption ExternalityThese arise when the consumption by one individual lowers the well-being of other people who do not receive any compensation from the individual. Examples of these kinds of externalities include an individual smoking a cigarette in a public place thus affecting the well-being of other people within that public place, and who happen to be non-smokers (Holcombe Sobel 2007).Ways of Correcting Negative ExternalitiesTaxationThe government can make use of the pigouvian tax in order to lower the consumption of a particular good or service. For example in the case of cigarette smoking, such a tax can be implemented by the government with an aim of discouraging smokers from acquiring more of this product. One of the demerits of such a government measure is that even with the additional costs; some people may still prefer to consume the product by adjusting their spending. In such a situation, the tax measure becomes more of addit ional revenue to the government rather than a negative consumption externality that it was supposed to be. Furthermore, companies still retain the option to comply with the new tax or allocate more resources to curb the pollution. In this case, companies might decide to continue causing the externality if the expenses are less than the cost of abating pollution. Companies might also decide to lay-off their workers in order to recover the new taxation costs (Ben-David 2010).Pigouvian tax is often applied as a flat sales tax and not a progressive tax. Thus, the taxation measure does not take into consideration the producers or consumers willingness and ability to pay. Therefore, the tax could be applied in a manner that makes even the least well-off individuals to pay most of the cost. For instance, the carbon taxes aimed at raising the cost of gasoline and other fossil fuels have become very controversial. The critics of these taxes argue that the least well-off people may not have any choice in their habits of consumption. Thus, they still have to pay for the gasoline for their daily activities. On the other hand, the financially well-off people can cut back rather easily.Environmental Protection RegulationsA tax can make firms fault to pay up; however, when the tax is made cheaper than another alternative method of production, the problem of pollution cannot be solved. In such a case, the government can give emission permits that regulate the amount of pollution that a company can produce within legal standards.Tort Law (Tort System)The system involves a clear definition by the government on the rights of every individual. For example, one has the right to own a property without anybody pouring any form of toxic wastes near the premises. In the war between environmental and commercial interests, it is often easier to support the seemingly defenseless party. This perception fuels the notion that most legislation passed against negative externalities, usually is exaggerated to play within the emotions of the audience observing images of pollution on the media domains. In most of the times, people harbor the notion that large companies are closely connected to pollution (dumping, smog and oil spills) due to incidences resulting from incompetence and gross negligence, but fail to take into account simple human error.Internalizing CostsThe method of internalizing the costs of particular products is an effective and attractive way of addressing the issue of externalities. Through internalization, the higher social price and cost is achieved, consequently leading to an effective method of allocating resources. The fundamental assumption in this context is that the internalization of costs can quantify external costs.Choose a case study from your home country (Australia) where an externality exists in a current market. Using the key characteristic of four market structures identify the type of market structure in your case study (ie. monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition or monopolistic competition). Illustrate the situation with externalities in your case study and the resulting deadweight loss in a diagram and discuss ways that your government has addressed the presence of negative externalities in the market.This discussion examines the negative externalities caused by the discharge of effluents into sewerage systems by water users in Australia. There are numerous externalities that relate to the harmful external effects of commercial and residential clients disposing wastewater into the sewerage line before subsequent treatment and disposal. Some particular pollutants are extremely corrosive and cause extensive damage to sewerage and treatment facilities. Additionally, the discharge of non-hazardous substances into sewers (such as nitrogen, salts, and phosphorus) raises the cost of water treatment before its discharge into the environment. Hazardous substances such as corrosive materials and metals often pose subs tantial health risks to water businesses workers and exacerbate the costs of infrastructure maintenance. It is important to note that some pollutants only become hazardous to human beings a t a certain level. Whereas end-of-system treatment to a certain level happens before discharge to the environment, environmental impacts, public health, and amenity could still occur before this happens (Institute of Sustainable Futures 2007). For instance, after a heavy downpour, sewerage systems often overflow and pipes crack, resulting in the pollutant substances getting into the environment, such as urban waterways. This result in external costs similar to those encountered during storm water and wastewater disposal. It is plausible that the issue of wastewater management in Australia presents a wide range of negative externalities that have justified government intervention. Wastewater...

Resources And Hiv Resources - 1235 Words

RESOURCES and HIV 2 RESOURCES and HIV 7 Resources HIV Mitcherlean Thompson South University Running head: RESOURCES and HIV 1 Resources and HIV Resources are essential for an individual infected by HIV. People diagnosed with this disease require support and education to address their concerns. A person diagnosed needs medical, psychological, and possibly financial assistance. Community resources are necessary to increase awareness about HIV/AIDS and provide testing to high risk individuals. In some communities, resources can be limited due to lack of funding, and in others, resources are more comprehensive. Resources that are needed can depend on the community that is being served, For instance, if a community has many individuals that are intravenous drug users, a needle exchange program will benefit this community. Resources in the community should provide education, testing, and counseling and links to programs that provide additional services such as housing assistance. AID Upstate, Piedmont Care and Carolinas CARE partnership, are local programs that offer resources to individuals infected with HIV/AIDS. These programs offer services to individuals however, each program is different, and services will vary. AID Upstate?s goal is to prevent and treat HIV through supporting services, and educating and stimulating awareness. AID Upstate is a nonprofit organization that provides supportive services. Its? individuals are affected by HIV/AIDS in South Carolina.Show MoreRelatedThe Hiv Virus And Then Resources1318 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction 2. Resources Available 3. Measures which enhance quality of life 4. Effect on beloved ones 5. Two types of support for beloved ones 6. Appendix â€Æ' Introduction This report includes a brief introduction on the HIV virus and then resources that are available to the individuals that have been affected by HIV. It also includes measures that can enhance the quality of life of those affected and the effects this can have on the affected individual’s beloved ones. HIV stands forRead MoreEssay On The Future Of Iv In Kenya1406 Words   |  6 PagesAIDS control council has done a lot of analytical work regarding the future of the AIDS pandemic in Kenya and agrees that the future of the HIV response in Kenya will not be determined solely by money but substantial financing resources will be needed if the rates of new infections and AIDS deaths are to be sharply lower by 2030. 87 percent of the financing for HIV in Kenya is from development partners. The bad news is that some signs of donor fatigue are already evident. Some donors seem to want toRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe HIV/AIDS epidemic poses a major concern for global health. There are approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide (WHO, 2017). Due to the increased phenomenon of global migration and movement we see a proportion of individuals who are HIV positive migrating. In Canada alone, over 300,000 new immigrants were welcomed into the country in 2016 (CIC; Globe And Mail, 2016). As a result we can infer that certain proportion out of all immigration applicants into Canada were HIV positiveRead MoreThe Major Challenges For Hiv Prevention And Control In1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Major Challenges for HIV Prevention and Control in Liangshan Prefecture: As one of the typical concentrated contiguous destitute areas, Liangshan Prefecture has suffered from poverty, ignorance, drug trafficking, and various diseases. The general lack of awareness of HIV prevention in the majority of the Liangshan population is co-existing with the dissociation between their awareness and actions. The frequent and unregulated migration, the regional violation of birth-control and the over-birthRead MoreWeb Based Resources Guide : Free Legal Services1065 Words   |  5 PagesWeb-Based Resources Guide: Free Legal Services Free Legal Services helps people with low to moderate incomes find free legal aids programs in their communities and able to answer all questions about legal rights. There are a lot of legal services throughout the United States, and all of them are non-profit organization. Moreover, most of the people they help have low incomes, but some agencies have more flexible regulations. The Legal Service Corporation currently provides funding to 134 independentRead MoreExamining Government Regulations Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesclinical guidelines and the civil rights of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Portland, Oregon. Many people living with HIV/AIDS, at some point during their illness, find themselves in need of housing assistance and support services. Stable housing promotes improved health, sobriety or decreased use of alcohol and illegal drugs, and, for some, a return to paid employment and productive social activities. As the number of people living with HIV/AIDS continues to gro w in both urban and rural areas throughoutRead MoreEssay On AIDS Planning1442 Words   |  6 PagesConsequences of decisions in the coming years have been made one key recommendation from this work is the need to improve the efficiency of our AIDS spending with the aim of ensuring that the country receives optimal value for the amount it spends on HIV response. What came out clearly is the fact that AIDS funding in Kenya means the difference between life and death for the 1.6 million Kenyans infected hence the sums required to finance AIDS programmes over the next generation are certainly consequentialRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, Also Known As Hiv, Continuous1519 Words   |  7 Pagesimmunodeficiency virus, also known as HIV, continuous to be an epidemic crisis. HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated.Unlike other viruses once HIV is acquired the human body can not get rid of it. Sub Saharan Africa is currently the most affected region for HIV/AIDS, Men in the region seem to be the most affected. There is currently no cure for HIV, however there is possible treatment, as well as ways one can prevent developing the virus. HIV/AIDS continous to claim livesRead MoreA Perspective of Poverty and HIV on Sub-Saharan Africa1018 Words   |  4 Pagespoverty and HIV on Sub-Saharan Africa The majority of people currently living with HIV are in Sub-Saharan Africa where this infectious immune disease has had a devastating impact mentally, physically, economically and socially since this pandemic began. Sub-Saharan Africa is about 15% of the worlds population, and it has approximately seventy percent of the people living with HIV. In 2011 there were 23,500,000 people living with HIV, and 1,200,000 annual AIDS deaths. The new HIV infectionsRead MoreInternational Hiv / Aids Alliance1396 Words   |  6 PagesInternational HIV/AIDS Alliance. (2014, July 23). Launch of community guide to WHO guidelines: supporting communities to drive the HIV response. Medical News Today. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/279944.php This article is a good resource to refer to because it talks about what is being done currently regarding people that are living with HIV/AIDS. This guideline was formed as a â€Å"response to the WHO guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV† (International

The Black Death - 1203 Words

What were the short term and long term impacts of the Black Death on Medieval society? The Black Death is one of the most fatal diseases in human history and took its peak in Europe from 1348 to 1350. Half of Europe’s population was wiped out due to this disease and the short and long term impacts greatly affected the structure of Medieval Society. The Black Death or otherwise known as the plague was thought to have begun in Central Asia, which spread down the Silk Road and eventually to Europe in the 14th century. The disease was caused by the fleas on infected rats, which spread the infection by biting a person or animal. However, the disease could also be contracted by breathing in airborne droplets from a person who already had the†¦show more content†¦However, these were not the only long term impacts of the Black Death and in 1381; an event occurred in England that had never taken place before in the Medieval Ages. This event took place due to the smaller number of people to work the land; the peasants wanted more wages and freedom so that they could live a better life. Taxes also grew higher because of war and the Poll Tax in 1381 was the highest ones, leading the Peasants to rebel in what is now called ‘The Peasant’s Revolt’. The Peasants Revolt was an event in Medieval history where common people fought for more rights and freedom. It began in the villagers when Essex refused to pay taxes and attacked the tax collectors starting a riot that spread through Kent and Essex. The peasants eventually grouped together and decided to march to London to force the King to give them more rights. They elected a leader called Wat Tyler on the 7th of June, released a priest called John Ball and assembled together outside of London where King Richard (the present 14 year old king) met the rebels at Mile End. Wat Tyler demanded six things from the King. He demanded that Serfdom was abolished, that there be no more feudal services for the peasants, that land would be held freely at 4d an acre per year, the church lands must be given to the people and that there should be no legal difference between one manShow MoreRelatedThe Black Of Black Death939 Words   |  4 Pageshistory few events seem as cataclysmic as the Black Death. The Black Death was actually one of the most deadly pandemics in human history. This awful pandemics most devastating time in Europe was between 1348 and 1350. According to some estimates it wiped out at least two-thirds of Europe’s population. A Malmesbury monk from Wiltshire wrote that, â€Å"Over England as a whole a fifth og men, women and children were carried to the grave.† (James â€Å"Black Death: The lasting impact†) Many epidemiologists stillRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, one of the greatest natural disaster to hit Europe thus causing the death of many people in the most horrific manner and cause the end of feudalism. This was a disaster that affected one third of the European continent and also one that no one was prepared to face. It killed more people than during a war and it impacted simple lives of people, their culture, religion and the economy as a whole. The origin of The Black Death has several explanations. Some people said The Black DeathRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death905 Words   |  4 Pagesgrew were dying. On the wake of these seven distressing years of weather and famine was the greatest plague of all times, The Black Death. In 1347 AD, The Black Death began spreading throughout Western Europe. Over the time span of three years, the widespread epidemic killed one third of the population in Europe with pretty near twenty five million people dead. The Black Death killed many more Europeans than any other endemic or war up to that time, vastly impacting the Church, the people, and the economyRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was a very important time in history and, while devastating, it led to many advances in medicine due to the mass spread of a new deadly disease. The 14th Century encompassed the time period of January 1, 1301 to December 31, 1400. When this disease struc k, Ole J. Benedictow calculates that it killed about 50 million people in Europe alone, which was about 60% of Europe’s population at the time. That being said, the Black Death, often referred to as the Bubonic Plague, clocked inRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death2017 Words   |  9 PagesThe Black Death The pandemic known to history as the Black Death was one of the world’s worst natural disasters in history. It was a critical time for many as the plague hit Europe and â€Å"devastated the Western world from 1347 to 1351, killing 25%-50% of Europe’s population and causing or accelerating marked political, economic, social, and cultural changes.† The plague made an unforgettable impact on the history of the West. It is believed to have originated somewhere in the steppes of central AsiaRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse l iving conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1386 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and terrifying symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch theRead MoreThe Black Death1349 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocious and it made the perfect place for Yersinia Pestis to thrive. Yersinia Pestis is the virus responsible for the Black Death, a deadly disease that rapidly powered through Europe, killing nearly all of the people in its way. The Black Death had a lot of gruesome and scary symptoms that made bystanders sick just watching. Certain people were more likely to acquire the Black Death than others. Since peasants had worse living conditions than the nobility, they were far more likely to catch the PlagueRead MoreThe Black Death831 Words   |  4 PagesTHE BLACK DEATH! What Is The Black Death? The Black Death is a disease that went on for over 5 years. It also spread around a wide range of places! It killled and harmed thousands upon thousands of people and had no mercy. If you were to sadly catch the Black Death, you would DEFINITELY die and there was many cures and causes however none of the causes actually worked also all of causes were thought to be a punishment from God. Once you knew you had the Black DeathRead MoreThe Black Death1060 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death, a term coined in the sixteenth century refers to the pandemic that cut Europe’s population nearly in half from 1348-1350. The disease is thought to have come from Central Asia through the trade routes. Taking a ride from the trade ships, black rats, which carry the disease infected fleas, were introduced into European ports. From the ports, the disease eventually spread to the rest of Europe. The disease was caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. This bacteria caused three types

Media Influence On Sports - 1347 Words

For the past years the media has had a big effect on society. Many people rely on the media for news or sports coverage but they don’t realize that the media may influence people’s beliefs or way of behaving. The media covers sports in order to provide information to the fans but they also can create fake news to spark controversy in sports. The world of sports is largely affected by the media as they are a big topic to talk about throughout all kinds of media. Although the media can provide information of sports to fans, it can also create positive and negative conditions for the athletes. The media’s portrayal of sports creates rivalries between teams and players which increases competitiveness, damages professional relationships, and†¦show more content†¦Sometimes a rivalry can become intensely heated and it may become violent. In the sport of soccer one of the most anticipated matches of the year is none other than Real Madrid vs Barcelona. These two teams are great teams and are the sport’s biggest rivals. Before the match is played the media heats up the rivalry by reporting that the one team is trash talking or undervaluing the other team. At first it is taken lightly as just a publicity stunt but when the players overhear the news, they get over competitive. When the match is being played there is always physical fights between players and it gets out of hand. Not one of these rival matches has passed that a player doesn’t get ejected from the game. In conclusion, this proves how the media plays a large role on the player’s mentality when going into the game and can also cause them to behave in certain ways. It is well known that the media is capable of spreading false rumors in order to spark controversy or to get more views. The world of sports can also be affected by the spreading of false rumors. The relationships between athletes may be torn by the media when they spread fake news regarding playe rs. Sometimes athletes overhear stories about what other athletes say and they might not agree with what they said so any kind of respect that they had for each other before is now gone. Take, for example, when news began to circulate the web that professionalShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Media on Sport Essay2462 Words   |  10 PagesInfluences of Mass Media in Sport When communication is spread not just between two individuals but rather between tens of millions of people it is known as mass media. Mass media is known as the central nervous system of society and it functions as a medium of exchange of information across the globe. Mass media has many different purposes, such as providing information, entertaining, persuading and also by carrying a vague general function of culture to millions of people.(Frederick 18)Read MoreHegemonic Masculinity in the Media1080 Words   |  5 Pageslive society were male dominance is the order of the day, from the family arena to the workplace, and in sports in which individuals with certain characteristics and attributes as seen as normal and the rest are termed as the â€Å"other†. This paper will focus on how hegemonic masculinity has been mediated through the media, by creating gender gaps. Furthermore, it is important to note that the media is important sources that orchestrate the perception of individuals in our society and as such should beRead MoreDetermining Women Athletes Identify As Influences On Their Participation1398 Words   |  6 PagesMy study examines the factors women athletes identify as influences on their participation in sports. The findings show that there are both obstacles and facilitators which influence their participation in sport. Interpersonal, intrapersonal, recommendations and environmental factors are facilitators to participation in sports while obstacles include financial constraints, time, and lack of social support. This chapter will provide conclusions and recommendations. Summary The study shows that athletesRead MoreThe Positive Impact Of The Social Influence Of Sports1486 Words   |  6 PagesSince the beginning of time sport has had a great importance. It is good for health and fitness, it is great fun and pastime and is great for learning how to win and dealing with the loss. Many factors influence sports and activities and how and to what extent in which they are performed and the biggest influence is the social influence A positive impact from the societal influence of peers would be their ability to make you feel good, try harder and to participate in more things .At some pointRead MoreSports Marketing And Finished Off With A Personal Reflection1597 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is underlying importance on sport and sports fans. Not only do sports have multiple benefits of being able to provide health and prevention messages but there is a negative side to everything. The topic of this essay is to highlight the unique characteristics of sports fans as consumers and identify and discuss the implications for sports marketing. As a final personal statement comment on yourself a s a consumer of one particular sport. The publicity of sports and their fans is slowly developingRead MoreFemale Athletes And Male Athletes1390 Words   |  6 Pagesdominate figure in sports. Unlike female athletes, men receive a tremendous amount of media attention than female athletes. Young boys grow up watching television b ombarded with heroic images of male athletes. They have something to look up to, while young girls do not receive the same images. Male and female athletes have many equal opportunities when it comes to playing and succeeding in sports. Yet it seems that male sports happen to catch more of the limelight when it comes to the media and the publicityRead MoreGender Biases in Sport Media Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesBiases in Sport Media Introduction In today’s society, it is nearly impossible to imagine our lives without the media. Television, radio, social media, and other types of media are a big influence on our lives and we all use them on a daily basis. They give us our news, provide us with entertainment, and we base a lot of our views and beliefs off of what we see and hear in the media. The media have plenty of positive aspects; however, with the major influence they have on individuals, the media can haveRead MoreMedia and Sport: What Could the Possible Link Be?1406 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Media and sport. What could the possible link be? What influence does the media have on the participants involved in Formula 1? Who are these participants involved? In which ways are they influenced? And lastly, are there various methods used to involve media in sport or vice versa? These are all questions which should be asked in order to understand the link between media and sport. Media involvement in sport Where Formula 1 is concerned, the media is a great platform for aRead MoreUse Of Social Media Platforms Aids And Promote Sporting Brands1185 Words   |  5 Pagesof social media platforms aids and promote the sporting brands within the consumer behaviour. Objectives: †¢ To define the social media and identify the sporting brands associated with consumer behaviour. †¢ By examining how brand attributes influences the responses of the sporting brands in terms of social media. †¢ By investigating how social media platforms in particular, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram affect consumers on sporting brands (case studies). †¢ Recommend the social media marketingRead MoreSekaran Bougie Research Process1277 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Process Figure 1 - Sekaran Bougie Research Process Abstract The analysis will represent a comparative assessment of an article that appeared in the Journal of Sports Media, Volume 3, Number 1, Spring 2008 entitled Interactive Media and Sports Journalists: The Impact of Interactive Media on Sports Journalists (Wigley Meirick, 2008). This analysis will focus on the first two steps of the eleven step research process outline by Sekaran Bougie (Sekaran Bougie, 2010). These

The Unexamined Life is Not Worth Living Essay - 1489 Words

Socrates is correct when he says the â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† In order to discuss why Socrates is correct, I would like to discuss these various points which consist of: the significance as well as the underlying meaning of his quote â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living†, the difference between an unexamined life and an examined life, specific examples, the importance of a person living an examined life and lastly, whether or not I’m living an examined life. Socrates was a Greek philosopher who lived from 469-399 B.C.E. Socrates believed that Philosophy was primarily a social activity, which in fact he made use of quite often. He would find himself roaming the streets of Athens questioning the youth or just anyone†¦show more content†¦So in essence, your life is meaningless and you might as well not even live, if you just go with the flow with things and just take everything for what it is, and whatever else it may throw at you. If you never ask questions to help you obtain knowledge to be intelligent instead of being completely oblivious to the world around you, then really what good is your life if you don’t care? The next point I want to elicit is the difference between an unexamined life versus an examined life. A person who lives an unexamined life is very nonchalant about things, and totally disregards everything in life except for them-selves. It’s almost as if there just here for the ride and there going to take it as far as they can without doing anything to better themselves as a person. A prime an example of a person who lives an unexamined life is someone who doesn’t go to school to learn about anything so there not working towards being anybody in life, they simply have nothing going for them and they don’t care. They don’t care to scrutinize the things in life that it has to offer, even the smallest of things and could care less of make anything out of it. So as I mentioned before, their sole purpose is just being here for the ride andShow MoreRelatedUnexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1851 Words   |  8 Pagesconvicted for impiety to the gods and for corrupting the youth because he had taught the young adults to question, he was given the opportunity to propose his own penalty. He refused to give up his mission as the one calling Athens to the examined way of life. He refused to leave Athens, if the condition were to be that he had to give up teaching. He summed up his defense in the following way: If I say that I cannot hold my peace (by giving up my mission) because that would be to disobey the godRead MoreThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1450 Words   |  6 Pagesb) The unexamined life is not worth living, quoted Socrates. It appears that, following his brilliant logic, the key to living philosophically is exactly how one interprets and scrutinizes their own life in a philosophical context. As with the nature of philosophy itself, living philosophically is also ambiguous, and it could very well be that one lives philosophically even if they do not necessarily realize it. Take, for instance, a person who questions why humans and all life forms must die;Read MoreUnexamined Life Not Worth Living For1300 Words   |  6 PagesUnexamined Life Not Worth Living For In this paper I will argue that Socrates is right about an unexamined life is no worth living for, however too much examination leads to the absurd and too little tends to keep you from obtaining knowledge, not being able to free your-self as humans are meant to be free. Socrates was a philosopher who believed that humans were meant to obtain all type of knowledge, and that such knowledge could only be achieved through examination. As Socrates stated â€Å"it is theRead MoreThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1834 Words   |  8 PagesThe unexamined life is not worth living. (Apology, 41e) Socrates held this statement to himself to a point where he allowed the courts to take his life because they don’t want him to continue his quest of insights, questions and knowledge. The philosophy of Socrates as explained by Plato offers an important concept of what it means to live the examined life and what makes a life either examined or unexamined. The combination of Euthyphro, The Apology and the Republic help understand what SocratesRead MoreThe, The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1744 Words   |  7 Pages I wholeheartedly embrace the sentiments of Socrates when Plato stated in the Apology, â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living. † Upon reflection, and asking myself, what exactly does this mean, I feel as if my life has evolved full circle. I finally understand the meaning and purpose of my life – the myth I believe and know I should be living. This course has put a lot of things into perspective for me by putting my thoughts, experiences, and feelings into words and statements that prior to I couldRead MoreThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living.† This quote, by a famous philosopher Socrates, amplifies the idea of critical thinking and its true importance. This quote explains that if we as individuals do not evaluate ourselves, then we stop living as human beings.This quote can present what is truly at stake when dealing with critical thinking. Critical thinking allows human beings to question the status quo naturally with no effect. Critical thinking is an important practice and technique one shouldRead MoreThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1344 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"An unexamined life is not worth living† Imagine living a life without change, development and growth. Imagine living a life without any consciousness of what life has to offer. As mind-boggling as this may sound, there are actually many people on this earth that have not taken the effort to know themselves. People should be able to fairly judge their lives. Man should be able to gain wisdom by the examinations of the deeds they’ve done to prepare for the future. Life is no longer worth livingRead MoreUnexamined Life Is Not Worth Living964 Words   |  4 Pagespremise that â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living†. To understand this quote, we should know what a premise is in relation to his quote. A premise is using a statement to support an opinionated conclusion, for example, getting at least 7 hours of sleep a night lets you wake up not tired, proving that you should go to sleep early. So, what he means by an â€Å"unexamined life is not worth living† is that a life without being producti ve or bettering yourself isn’t a life worth living because you don’tRead MoreThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living2068 Words   |  9 PagesProject Due Date: 12/04/2014 Date Submitted: 12/04/2014 Myth/Narrative I Am Living I enthusiastically embrace the sentiment of Socrates that, â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living.† Upon reflection, and asking myself, what exactly does this mean, I feel as if my life has progressed full circle. I finally understand, to a greater extent, the meaning and purpose of my life – the myth I believe and know I should be living. Through the course readings, text, and concepts, the authors have inspiredRead MoreThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1629 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living,† Plato says in The Apology. When people think about the great problems facing humanity, their attention tends to turn to issues such as poverty, warfare, pollution, and disease. While these problems are important and urgent, there are other problems which are equally urgent, but often overlooked. Are human beings born with a map for life? Can that map lead people to happiness? If there is a map, every human being can attain ha ppiness easily. Is there any

Essay on Radicalism in California - 682 Words

Radicalism in California Radicalism was a major problem for California in the 1960s, especially for the bay area. University of California at Berkley was the homestead of Radicalism. The Radicals included Students and non students, all very liberal and some were hippies. The Radicals started out with good intentions, fighting for free speech and to stop racial discrimination. Unfortunately the radicals lost track of what was really important, and they got violent. Who knows what they could have accomplished if they had remained peaceful protesters, and found different, legal, ways to get their points across. Radicalism started to rise as early as the 1960s when college students got upset because of their exclusion from a†¦show more content†¦Several students were disciplined for the tactics that were used in the strike. After they had been arrested, crowds of students occupied the campus administration building. They had a huge sit in at Sproul hall, the police intervened by order of the gov ernor and arrested 700 people, 578 of them were found guilty of trespassing and resisting arrest. Earlier it was declared that sitting in was just a form of trespassing and going limp when trying to be arrested was just a form resisting arrest, which is completely true if you think about it. After all this cleared up, the University did pass resolutions that the University should not regulate the content of political advocacy, but regulate only the time, place and manner in order to prevent interference with normal University functions. The University also liberalized its rules governing student political activity. So the rise of Radicalism worked out good for these students. Since the protests worked out so well, these students became overconfident, partly because of Mario Savio. Mario Savio told many of these people that he could protect them from any kind of punishment, including going to jail. Obviously this was a false statement, he had no authority to carry out what he promised. The success of the sit ins and the passive resistance with the policeShow MoreRelatedThe American Counterculture Movement909 Words   |  4 PagesJ. D. Salinger s Holden Caulfield and Mad magazine s Alfred E. Neuman. He then attended the University of Michigan, read Jack Kerouac s be at novel On the Road, hitchhiked across the country, and witnessed student protests at the University of California at Berkeley. He spent much of 1961 in the South and was once badly beaten by local whites in McComb, Mississippi. During the 1960s, Tom Hayden became one of the key figures in the New Left. In 1968, he flew to North Vietnam in protest of the VietnamRead MoreThe Revolution Of The 1960 S846 Words   |  4 Pagesantiwar demonstrations and occupied various public places to make their revolutionary ideas visible and to be heard. In 1960s, the new radicalism took place. New groups of students became to gather, such as the Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) and Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) two years later. Both groups were viewed as the leading edge of a new radicalism. These group believed they had a new route to greater freedom. The students documented and summarized their beliefs and what some calledRead MoreTerrorism And The Threat Of Terrorism1014 Words   |  5 Pagesinternational security seem to be loosely organized and self-financed groups or the extremist Islamist parties using religion as a pretext that pose threats to the U.S. and other allies. However, while most see terrori sm as being international, domestic radicalism has become an ever increasing problem, specifically within the United States. Cross national links between specific terrorists groups are becoming greatly feared, due to the increasing growth in combat training, funding, technological transferRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930s925 Words   |  4 PagesThe assigned readings offered an interesting and complex view of some of the diverse groups of people who were marginalized in California during the Great Depression of the 1930s. The primary sources shared detailed information on how Mexicans, Filipinos, and White Americas experienced hostility and inequality in California. In Resistance, Radicalism, and Repression on the Oxnard Plain, Frank Barajas discusses how beet sugar growers on the Oxnard Plain cut the wages of Mexican laborers working inRead MoreA City Where Black Power Won : The Origins Of The Black Panther Party On College Campuses1350 Words   |  6 Pages Paula Deroseney Dr. Carl Suddler AAS 385: Urban History 31 March 2016 The movement of African American migrants out of the South and into northern California laid the foundation for the development of the Black Panther Party (BPP), which served as a voice for the black community. With this new wave of black migrant families into California came a new, younger generation whose Southern roots had not yet been formed. As young migrants assimilated into their new environments, their exposure toRead MoreThe World Of Graphic Design925 Words   |  4 PagesModern Art. The radicalism of the 60s had a great influence on her desire to become a graphic designer (Adams). She began her college career studying conceptual art at Hartford Art School but ultimately earned her BFA from the Massachusetts College of Art. Not only is she a graphic designer but she has also taught Senior Graphic Design Thesis at the California College of Arts for twelve years. In 2010, she received the graphic design field’s most honored award, the AIGA Medal (California†). As mentionedRead MoreThe Students for a Democratic Society of the late 1960’s Essay783 Words   |  4 Pagespeace sign, one ridden with hippies, marijuana and pacifism. While true of much of the era, some of the movements calling for immense social change began as non-violent harbingers of change and later became radicals. The reason for this turn to radicalism, as seen in the case of the Students for a Democratic Society, and as suggested by the change between this organizations earlier Port Huron statement and the later Weatherman Manifesto, is due to the gradual escalation of the Vietnam war. Read MoreBlack Movements Of America By Cedric J. Robinson1530 Words   |  7 Pages Black Movements In America is written by Cedric J. Robinson, who is a professor of Black Studies and Political Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Robinson traces the emergence of Black political cultures in the United States from slave resistance in the sixteenth and seventeenth century to the civil rights movement of the present. He also focuses on Black resistance which was forged from a succession of quests such as The return to Africa; escape and alliances with anti-colonialRead MoreCompromise of 18501566 Words   |  7 Pagesstates, they pointed to the statements of Washington and Jefferson, and to the Ordinance of 1787, which forbade the extension of slavery into the Northwest. Texas, which already permitted slavery, naturally entered the Union as a slave state. But California, New Mexico and Utah did not have slavery, and when the United States prepared to take over these areas in 1846, there were conflicting suggestions on what to do with them. Extremists in the South urged that all the lands acquired from MexicoRead MoreEssay On Texas723 Words   |  3 Pagesstates politics, where several Texans have served in the top leadership positions such as the speaker of the House. Today, it enjoys the kind of influence employed by states such as Virginia after the union establishment, Ohio in the 19th century and California in the 20th century, as origins of presidents. There are fresh scenarios superficially every phase, being the only mega-state that consistently supports Republicans for the presidency. Therefore, it is no surprise prominent leaders likes of Gov

Principles Of Economics

Questions: 1. Suppose there are two monopolies. One monopoly supplies water and the other monopoly provide landline phone connections. Which company is likely to have greater market power and why? Explain using the concept of elasticity. 2. Identify and justify the market structure of KFC, MacDonalds and Hungry Jack. Explain using diagrams. 3. Critically discuss the level of competition faced by Charles Darwin University in Darwin vs the campus in Sydney. Explain using diagrams. 4. Suppose fire emergency services are only provided by the government in Australia and there is no market for fire emergency services. Now assume that fire emergency services are not provided by the government anymore and are privatised. Show the demand and supply diagram of fire emergency after privatisation. Explain the price elasticity of demand for fire emergency services. Show with the aid of a diagram and explain your answer. 5. Identify the main models of competition learnt in this unit. Give a brief description of each model in no more than 100 words. Discuss the most realistic models of competition in Australia with examples. 6. How will student enrolments be impacted at CDU if the pass mark at CDU was increased from 50% to 60% for all tertiary students? Explain using demand and supply diagram. 7. Explain the slope of marginal cost curve. How is marginal cost linked to opportunity cost? Why is concept of marginal cost important in economics? What is the marginal cost of adding an additional household on to the NBN network? 8. How best do you explain the success of supermarkets using the concepts learnt in this unit? Answers: Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze on the different market structure of various companies. Market structure refers to the organizational features of a particular market. It focuses on those characteristics that influence the competition nature and pricing. The vital features of the market structure includes- the number of entities, the share of market of largest entities, the cost nature, product differentiation, customers turnover and the purchasers structure in the industry. The competition that each entity faces in the market has been segregated into various models. However, these models of competition have been explained in this study. In addition, slope of marginal cost and linkage of marginal cost to opportunity cost is also highlighted in this report. Answer 1 A monopoly is the type of market structure that is characterized by one seller selling unique commodity in the competitive market (Kirzner 2015). However, no competition exists in this type of market and the retailer is the sole manufacturer of commodities with no substitutes. In this case, there are two types of monopolies- one that supplies water and another that provides landline phone connections. These two types of monopolies are also referred to as natural monopoly. Natural monopoly exists in that market situation where single firm supplies particular commodities at lower cost that might be attained by other rivalries. This competition is uneconomical as multiple manufacturers are unable to utilize scale economics and this outcome in higher prices. Water is considered as necessity good for the householders as it has no alternatives. If the water firm in this monopoly market increases water bills cost, the consumers would keep purchasing the service. Therefore, tap water is considered as inelastic good as demand for the service remains the same despite rise or drop in price of water bills. On the contrary, landline phones are considered as substitute product. Therefore, increase in price of landline phone by the monopolist leads to decline in demand for the product. Hence, it is deemed as elastic product as it has other alternatives. Thus, it can be noted that water company has higher market power than landline phones company. Answer 2 KFC, Mac Donald and Hungry Jack fall under the monopolistic market structure. In monopolistically competitive market, large number of producers sells commodities that are slightly differentiated from each other and thus are not close substitutes in respect of quality and brand. Moreover, in monopolistic market structure, each firm faces no barriers in the entering and exiting the industry (Rios et al. 2013). These companies cannot limit their total production because there are huge number of competitors in the industries of the fast food chain. As a result, collusion does not exist in the market. Although these companies manufacture their own commodities, they compete in terms of product price. These firms are considered as monopolistic as they sets their price based on production cost and have no perfect substitute for their meals. However, these entities focus on rivalries and target markets in setting their product prices. These companies face few hurdles in terms of economies of scale. Owing to this, they increase their production scale and this leads to decline in cost of goods per output unit. In addition, advancement of technology also helps the firms in producing foods faster and sell at less cost. This is illustrated with the help of the diagram below: Figure 1: Market structure of KFC, Mc Donald and Hungary Jack Source: (Authors creation) Answer 3 Both the Charles Darwin University in Darwin and the campus existing in Sydney faces huge level of competition. In an attempt to attract large number of students from these two places, this university competes vigorously with other universities within the country or from other countries. As their focus is to endeavor into international marketplace, they face high levels of competition. Moreover, as this university has been exposed to competition pressures, it compels the university to improve their educations methods and systems. This university implemented new technology in Sydney campus in which the students can have access to it and this helps them to face huge competition. tis university can be considered as entities in monopolistically competitive market that provides similar service that is education but is not similar. In fact, the education considered as product differs in terms of location, services extent, image and its quality. This can be explained with the help of the di agram given below: Figure 2: University offering enrollment at which MC=MR Source: (Created by Author) Another vital consequence of this model is the significance of the advertising expenditures of this university. The MR of the dollar of advertising becomes equivalent to the price elasticity of demand. Charles Darwin University adopts various forms of advertising methods that includes construction of new building and campuses simply increase marginal revenue (Reisman 2013). With the differentiation of offering higher education in this two campuses, this institution demand curve becomes downward sloping. For maximizing profit, this institution offers enrollment at that level where MR=MC shown in the figure above. Answer 4 Emergency services of Australia such as fire emergency are vital for peoples health and protection of the society and are used to be funded by the Australia government. Now the government does not provide fire emergency services and hence is privatized. As a result, it improved the efficiency and increases competition in the market. On the contrary, privatization creates natural monopoly that seeks in setting higher prices that exploits people. After being privatized, the fire emergency firm increases their cost of service in order to attain higher profitability. This is illustrated by using demand and supply analysis: Figure 3: Demand and supply of fire emergency services Source: (As created by author) The above figure reflects that as the demand for the fire emergency services in Australia increases, the company charges higher price after being privatized. Therefore, this improves the financial performance of the firm as they benefit in attaining higher profit. Moreover, the supply of the services also increases after privatization, so the price declines to the equilibrium point. In addition, if the supply increases and demand does not increase for the emergency services, then it cost of this service will decline from the equilibrium price. Answer 5 Different entities or industry within the nation faces competition that is generally segregated into various models depending on the degree of competition faced by these entities. It includes- pure competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. These models of competition are illustrated below: Pure competition- This market scenario involves huge number of purchasers and sellers of similar products, but none of them influences the product price. Few conditions that characterizes pure competition are: Though there are huge number of consumers and producers, they donot have control over their commodity price As both the purchasers and retailers deals with homogeneous products, consumers do not prefer merchandise of one retailer over the other as there is no quality or brand value disparity. As the firms are free in entering and exiting the pure competitive market, the manufacturer strategizes in keeping prices competitive for gaining competitive advantage. Monopolistic competition-Since pure competition do not always prevail in the market, producers operate under different competition model that is monopolistic competition. The basic difference between monopolistic and pure competitor is that the former employs product differentiation for establishing comparison between its own commodity and other rivalries commodity. Oligopolistic competition- In this competition model, there are few retailers dominate in the industry and have the capability in influencing the commodity prices (Nagurney Yu 2012). As there are few entities in the competitive market, other companies follow the action taken by one firm. In certain circumstances, firms interdependent behavior outcomes in formal agreement in setting prices which is called as collusion. Therefore, if one entity lowers the product price, other entities follows the same. Monopoly competition- In this case, competition does not exist in the market because there is one retailer that produces specific product that does not have any close substitute. Monopoly and oligopoly competition models prevail in various sectors of the Australian economy. Oligopoly as well as natural monopoly models of competition prevails in service, telecommunication, electricity and gas sectors (Marshall 2012). The telecommunication sector of Australia has been more competitive in current period with high improvement in retail level. It has been stated by (Taussig 2013) that worldwide change in technology of telecommunication industry increases the productivity of nation. Subsequently, Telstra dominates the market with at least two third of the industry listed capitalization in the market. Therefore, Telstras market power continues in sector though recent entrants constructing partial networks. On the contrary, oligopoly competition prevails in Australias airline domestic industry owing to volatility linked to the changes of players. Answer 6 If the pass mark at CDU increases from 50% to 60% for all the tertiary students then enrollment of students in the university decreases. One of the vital factors that affect the performance of the university is the academic performance of the students. From the recent study, it has been reflected that near about 42% of tertiary students enrolled in other university did not complete their education as they fail in their courses (Hausman et al. 2016). Therefore, it can be predicted that the less proportion of students will enroll in this university due to increase in pass mark percentage. It has been noted from the completion data of CDU student released by Australian government that the dropout rate of CDU has been worsening with near about one third of the students wrapping up their education after few years of enrollment. As a result, the ranking of CDU lowered owing to decrease in completion rates of students in the university. As a result, the demand for this degree courses provid ed by this university decreases because of growing rate of dropping out of students (Hart 2013). Moreover, the supply of education in CDU also lowers due to lower rate of enrollment of students. This has been illustrated by the diagram given below: Figure 4: Enrollment of students affecting demand and supply of education offered by CDU Source: (As created by author) Answer 7 a) The marginal cost (MC) of production refers to the total cost change that comes from manufacturing one extra unit of item. Marginal cost is generally analyzed for determining the point at which the companies achieve economies of scale (Kanemoto 2013). The slope of MC curve highlights law of diminishing marginal returns to scale. The U- shaped MC curve as the first portion reflects increasing marginal returns to scale due to fall in MC to minimum point and then diminishing returns to scale owing to rise in MC. Figure 5: Slope of MC curve Source: (Authors creation) Opportunity cost relates to alternative cost of the activities that is computed in terms of next alternative value that is foregone. Opportunity cost as well as marginal cost is vital in those industries where the commodities are being manufactured. Although marginal cost and opportunity cost are not directly linked to each other, they plays a crucial role in business in deciding rise in total production in highly profitable way (Hart 2013). However, the MC also relates with the opportunity cost that is connected with manufacturing extra unit of commodity. Moreover, MC and opportunity cost analyzes the impact of manufacturing added element of product on the business cost. b) Marginal cost is vital in economics as it facilitates the managers of the firms in deciding whether the production cost stays in line with the total profit gained from the overall production. The business cost varies according to the total production. The managers of the entities should comprehend MC so that they have the ability in producing commodities at optimum level while mitigating cost of production. c) The government of Australia sets up NBN (National Broadband Network) in the year 2009 for increasing the connection and broadband speed to each households as well as business of the nation (Mankiw 2014). During that period, NBN is the biggest investment in the public sector as it has been used for replacing existing network in the telecommunication sector. However, it also delivered economic benefits to the nation by enhancing competition for the small business. In addition, it generated new business markets and offered huge job opportunity for Australians. As NBN is a huge business in Australia, marginal cost becomes negligible of adding an additional household in the network. Answer 8 The financial performance and success of supermarkets depends on the competition models, marginal cost, economies of scale, market structures and various other factors. The demand for the products of supermarkets depends on services of product distribution at substantive and methodological level. The supermarkets demonstrate constant MC in respect of total output while decreasing MC in respect of substantial economies of scale. In addition, supermarkets adopt new technology owing to rise in level of competition in the industry. Conclusion From the above report, it has been concluded that level of competition varies according to the different market structure. However, producers plans their pricing strategy based on the target market and competition level. Even privatization also increases the competition level of the firms that leads to rise in price of services and products. Moreover, marginal cost, economies of scale and competition models is important for success of every organizations. References Baldwin, W Scott, J (ed.) 2013,Market structure and technological change, Vol. 18, Taylor Francis. Frank, R.H, Bernanke, B.S. LUI, HK, 2015,Principles of economics, 8th edn., McGraw-Hill Asia. Hart, N, 2013, Alfred Marshall and Modern Economics: Equilibrium Theory and Evolutionary Economics, Springer. Hausman, D, McPherson, M Satz, D, 2016,Economic analysis, moral philosophy, and public policy, 9thedn., Cambridge University Press. Kanemoto, Y., 2013, Second-best costbenefit analysis in monopolistic competition models of urban agglomeration,Journal of urban economics, vol.76, pp.83-92. Kirzner, I.M., 2015,Competition and entrepreneurship, University of Chicago press. Mankiw, N.G, 2014,Essentials of economics, Cengage learning. Marshall, A, 2012,Principles of economics: unabridged eighth edition, Cosimo, Inc.. Nagurney, A. Yu, M., 2012, Sustainable fashion supply chain management under oligopolistic competition and brand differentiation,International Journal of Production Economics,vol.135(2), pp.532-540. Reisman, D, 2013,The Economics of Alfred Marshall (Routledge Revivals), Routledge. Rios, M.C, McConnell, C.R, Brue, S.L., 2013,Economics: Principles, problems, and policies, McGraw-Hill. Taussig, F.W (ed.) 2013,Principles of economics, Vol. 2, Cosimo, Inc.