Midnight in Paris Analysis Essay

In the icon Midnight in Paris, there atomic number 18 a bevy of interesting sights in the virtu all(prenominal)y beautiful urban center in the world. During the take, arborescent Allen arrangemented us how Paris is beautiful in the morning, picturesque in the aft(prenominal)noon, and enchanting in the neverthelessing, but it is magic and has a lot of surprising things after midnight.Starting with the Eiffel Tower, there were a lot of iconic shots of Paris at its well-nigh touristic points same its beautiful streets chthonic the rain, the storied river in the city La seine , and the broad gardens that makes this city the most beautiful destination for the famous artists who were looking for a ease house to develop their talent as writers. The film is a nice combination of Paris in 2010 and Paris in the past, when the famous artists and writers were there exchangeable Ernest Hamingway, F Scott Fitzgerald, Picasso, Gertrud Stein, and Salvador Dali.Through come to the fore the plastic film the director didnt just show us Paris and its tourist locations, but also took us to destinations out of the city such as Versailles and Monets gardens in Giverny. Then, there were all the warmly lit shots of the cafes, restaurants, and the famous shops such as Coco enthral and Dior. In addition, the beauty of the sights and the photos grabbed the viewers attention to want to fall out this movie and to discover a lot of more study roughly some of the most famous artists in the early 19th century.The movie Midnight in Paris, had succeed with participation of group of people who were undefendable and successful in their job as artists. The writer and director was Woody Allen, and the lead actors were Owen Wilson, Rachel Mc Adams, and Kathy Bates. The cast was by Marian Cotillard, Michael Sheen, Adrien Brody, and Alison Pill. The studio was Gravier Production, Mediapro, Televisio de catalunya TV3, and it was make in May 20, 2011 by Sony Pictures Classics. T he romantic comedy fantasy film had many unbelievable aftermaths starting by discovering the city in the indorsement to traveling tolerate in metre each night after midnight.On one hand, the movie had a lot of interesting moments in the midst of the past and the present. The story was closely an American family who went to France for a business trip, and the both young people Gil and his fiancee were engaged to be married even though their mentality and their thinking were different. She used to argue with him all the duration and she didnt like him to be a writer as more than as to work in Hollywood. Gil was the kind of person who likes to write and to be a successful writer, and by the time he was in Paris, he believed that this ity is the only place he will find himself in. Suddenly, and while he was walking around the Parisian streets, he found himself coming back in time to the 19th Century when all the famous writers and painters were there. Thus, this moment Gil had a big change in his life. Starting by breach up with his fiancee and falling in love with a French woman. He found himself with the stars of art in Paris in its flourishing time, and he didnt believe that he had a lot of conversations with the outgo writer ever, Ernest Hamingway.On the other hand, Paris in its well-to-do time was the best destination for a lot of artists around the world. Ernest Hamingway was an American occasion and journalist who chose to live in the city of art, Paris in the golden age. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and both non-fiction works.Three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. m any of these are considered classics of American literature. Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After last school, he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star before leaving for the Italian front to enlist with the World War I ambulance drivers. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel, A Farewell to Arms. In 1922, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives.The pas de deux moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent, and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s Lost Generation expatriate community. The Sun withal Rises, Hemingways first novel, was published in 1926. In my opinion as a viewer, Hemingway was one of the most interesting personalities in the movie because he had do a change on lot of artists after him and he was a good example for those want to be successful in their life as a Gil, and the most interesting part in the movie was the conversation that was in the old Peugeot car when they were talking about men and their fear of death.Lastly, Midnight in Paris, had package of information everyone should know. Thus, I recommend watching this movie, because it wasnt just a story like what we usually see in other films, but had much information about some famous artists in the 19th century. Also, we went back with the movie to see how those people used to live in nice and quiet world especially in the art city. Personally, I liked the movie from the beginning to the end, because and while I was watching it, I enjoyed its quiet melody they used to listen to.The music and the rain in the Parisian streets had made a beautiful picture about this city and also I enjoyed seeing some touristical places I had visited while I was in holiday there. In addition, I liked the story about Gil and how he was boost himself to get on the right way in the art, by having a good self-esteem, even though he had a lot of obstacles with his fiancee and her parents.

Robert Frost Theme on Death

Throughout frostings poetry it is clear to envisage that Frost himself had experience great loss. His poems take you with several(prenominal) of the stages of rue he had experienced at various points in his life. in that location is a certain cathartic quality to his poems, it is obvious Frost used the sensitive of creative writing as a release from his tribulation, enabling him to exercise his losses, to accept and heal from them. His witness find had died when Frost was just a boy himself and during his married life Frost found himself a father also to six get throughspring.His life was touched by tragedy once again as he and his wife lost devil of these nestlingren. One child was electrostatic born the separate died at three years over-the-hill. The echoes of grief can be found in the poem kinfolk burial. put forward me about if its something human. Let me into your grief. Im not so much unlike other folk as your standing there. This sections comes as the husb and is pleading with the wife to communicate with him. The wife is inconsolable and is seek to flee and says to her husband There you go sneering nowFrost breaks this kris in the gist to suggest how profoundly at odds they are, how much psychic as well as literal space separates them. (Kilcup 1988. ) again he pleads with her A man cant blab out of his own child thats dead. Any rhetorical chief demands, expects, the hearers automatic agreement there is nothing it expects less than a particular, unique(predicate) denial. The mans Cant a man speak . . . means Isnt any man anyowed to speak . . . , only her fatally specific answer, Not you makes it mean, A man cannotis not able tospeak, if the man is you, (Jarrell 1999.)She then implies how insensitive he has been over the childs devastation and repeats the terminology to him that he had said after burying the child collar foggy mornings and one rainy day will rot the better(p) birch fence a man can build. Amys interpreta tion of her husbands words in the kitchen reveals, ironically, that her husband may be far more pernicious and sophisticated in expressing himself than she understands. Her question is really an accusation, and she believes not only that he would not care but that he is fundamentally incapable of fondness (Faggen1997.)The husband through his wife Amys eyes has lost the mogul to interact with his wife, also his wife fails to see that in fact he was referring to the childs death by his comment. As a farmer close to record he was referring to the unfairness of it all, that no matter how hard you try deal plays a part in everything. The fence being a fiction of how a perfectly strong structure can be interpreted by bad weather. In the case of the babys life it taken by death. In the case of this poem both the husband and wife had misinterpreted to each one others grieving.Failing to appreciate each others pain in that process. In the poem ending of a Hired Man, there are four char acters. bloody shame and rabbit warren, partners or married it does not actually state this in the poem. Harold a young farm hand and the hired man Silas who seems to be the master(prenominal) character of the poem. In par to the duplicate in Home interment and the obvious lack of empathy they seem to founder for each other, bloody shame and warren seem close and communicate effortlessly with each other. This is reflected in the crack poesys of death of A Hired Man.It seems they behave a kind of mutual understanding between them. When she heard his step, bloody shame was obviously well-known(prenominal) with Warren enough to know it was his foot fall without first see him. This is the opposite in Home burial obviously the wife is trying to flee from her husband a marked comparison between the two relationships. Silas has returned to this couple to die, when bloody shame comes across him he is Huddled against a barn door fast asleep. In the middle of winter this must hav e appeared strange to Mary.She goes on to describe his appearance to Warren, a miserable sight, scare too I didnt recognize him-I wasnt looking for him-and hes changed, This describes a change in Silass appearance enough to shock Mary who has known him a even offt of years. May be he has grown thin and worn looking. The write paints a mental picture, you can visualize worthless withered Silas curl up in the doorway of the barn and the look on Marys salute on finding him there. Warren asks Mary if he said anything she replied but little, Mary describes his speech to Warren almost in-coherent.This symbolises the demise of Silas as he its unable to string a sentence together. Warren is confused by this and refers to a disagreement between Silas and Harold Wilson. Wilson a young boy and Silas were level-headed work colleagues. Harold had other ideas and went into education Silas tried everything to coax Harold back to workings the farm but with little success. Silas frowned upo n formal education this shows through in this verse, He said he couldnt make the boy believe He could find water with a hazel prong-which showed how much good take aim had ever done him.Warren says at one point well those days trouble Silas like a dream. Maybe Silas had regret in his life, he cut a lonely person roaming the land looking for work. His own family were well to do and educated, his brother is quoted as a Director of a bank. They are shades of Silas not been good enough in some way in his familys eyes. Maybe he viewed Warren and Mary as family at one point Warren states he wont be made ashamed to please his brother. The simile between Silas and the stray dog that came from the woods and given a home on their farm paints the couple as empathetic and caring of nature.Maybe this is the reason why Silas chose them to die with quite a than alone. With all the problems that arose between Silas and Harold while working for Warren and Mary. Mary still found it in her heart to give him a bed for the night. Mary asks Warren to check on Silas while she sits a watches the night sky. Mary is particularly watching the clouds and says to warren Ill sit and see if that small glide cloud will hit or miss the moon. It hit the moon. This line symbolises the point as Warren looks in a Silas and realises Silas has died in his sleep.Frost reflects the witticism of the poem with this short line, you can almost hear the cloud exploding off the moon as warren realises Silas is dead. Warren returns to Mary shortly, was all he said. The ending of the poem also shows the impact of death, as Warren silently sits beside Mary and he only gives a one-word answer of Dead. This emphasizes the impact of Silas death and what it means to the couple. The bluntness of his reaction gives a skin senses of grief and disbelief (Study Mode, ND) In both these poems Frost deals with death in an intimate way, you can tell by the style of each verse he is writing from experience.The m ood and tone of each poem is hammy and it is as though you are a fly on the argue actually witnessing the events that unfold in each verse from beginning to end. Again in the poem come in Out, there is a comparison between the disbelief of the wife in her reaction towards her husband, at his perceive lack of care towards the childs death in the poem, Home Burial, and the reaction of the gathered crowed after the poor boy perishes.As it states in Out Out, And they, since they, (the gathered crowd,) Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs. Certainly there was sorrow, bereavement and a tearful funeral, but none of that pertains to the poets message. The living have lives to lead (Wood 2008. )This is the last line of the poem after the poor victim, 16yr old Raymond Fitzgerald dies in the accident of horrific injuries caused by a buzz saw. The poor child bleeds to death after his hand is severed by the saw.Robert Frost clearly accomplished great things as a poet. After a long and successful career as a professor teaching method poetry, he went on to win The Pulitzer Prizes twice for his literary works. This gentle farmer-poet whose program manner concealed the ever-troubled, agitated private man who sought through each of his poems a momentary stay against confusion. (Burnshaw. S 2000. ) Frost became the spokesperson of the ordinary American and to this day is still held in the highest regard even after his death.

The Overwhelming Legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte

The legacy of sleep Bonaparte began in 1793 and continues to this day. Although the french general snooze left France smaller than it originally was at the outgrowth of the Revolution in 1789, he was widely respected during his lifetime and thereafter. forty winks Bonaparte produced an everlasting imprint on the history of Europe as a result of his great military machine genius, development of political ideas, and the remodeling of french law. At the root of Napoleons success lay his military genius. Much of Napoleons military genius comes from his studies of historys finest commanders.Of these moulds on Napoleon were Alexander, Caesar, Hannibal, Gustavus Adolphus, Turenne, Eugene, and most of all Frederick the Great. Napoleon utilise Fredericks strategies and adapted them to his own tactical system (Chandler 70). Napoleons military tactics were ground around the corps d armee, a small ground forces containing the elements of horse cavalry, infantry, and artillery. The mo st key advantage of the small army was its capability of fighting alone for a long period of time against superior enemy forces until help could be attained (Chandler 79).With speed, good order, and carefully maintained formations, a successful cavalry was developed. Every type of cavalry was placed in one of leash categories, each with specific tasks. The heavy cavalry apply their size and pitch to create holes in the enemies line of battle. The cavalry of the line was expected to encourage lines of communication and carry out raids. The light cavalry was mainly used for pursuit and to explore areas in order to gain military instruction (Chandler 94). Napoleon was the first general to employ cavalry simultaneously to cover his main troop movements and to recognize the front.The foot soldiers of the infantry were the backbone of Napoleons army (Chandler 97). The infantry marched in a column up to the attack kinda of a line. This column was more maneuverable than lines, and co uld swing into a compromising alteration of columns and three-rank lines (Herold 97). Eventually, Napoleons enemies were determined by these grand tactics. The enemy reformed and devised countermeasures that proved to contract down Napoleon (Chandler 69). Boldness, the hallmark of the Napoleonic tactics, influenced warfare for a century.Napoleon Bonaparte carried through a series of reforms that were begun during the Revolution. He established the brink of France, which has continued to function, more or less unchanged, up to the present time, as a national bank and as the source of the cut presidency for currency, public loans, and the deposit of public funds (Thompson 169). In addition to the influence on Banks, Napoleon in like manner reformed the education system. The present secularly controlled cut educational system was begun during the Reign of Terror and completed by Napoleon.A corporation, known as the University of France was organized. The University was responsib le for seeing that all education (including private), would telephone number out citizens to be attached to their religion, ruler, and family (Cronin 204). Primary schools were reopened with priests as teachers, simply Napoleon gave most of his attention to secondary schools, where he changed the curriculum to allow earliest specialization. At age fifteen, a boy chose to study either maths and history of science, or classics and philosophy (Cronin 204). This system of education still corpse in France.One of Napoleons greatest constructive works lies in the remodeling of French law. The Code Napoleon, although established by Napoleon almost 200 eld ago, has had lasting effects and influences to this day. This remodeled the entire body of French law, and is contained in v laws dealing with civil, commercial, and criminal law. The civil principle established the citizens right to equality before the law, religious toleration, the inviolability of property, and the superior pl ace of the father in a family. The commercial code reordered every part of industrial and agricultural life.It brought about full employment, more stable prices, and a balance of trade. The criminal code set up a superior system of circuit judges, but rejected the idea of juries (Chandler 104). As a result of the Napoleonic conquests, the code was introduced into a number of European countries, notably Belgium, where it is still in force. It also became the model for the civil codes of Quebec Province, Canada, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, some Latin American republics, and the state of Louisiana. Napoleons influence is evident in France even today.His spirit has spread throughout the genius of the Fifth Republic. The countrys basic law is still the Code Napoleon, the administrative and discriminatory systems are essentially Napoleonic, and a uniform state-regulated system of education persists. Napoleons reforms in all parts of Europe cultivated the ground for the revolutions of the 19th century. Today, the relate of the Code Napoleon is apparent in the law of most European countries. Napoleon Bonaparte, who once studied the greatest commanders to have lived, could now queue himself recognized along with those same great names.

Modern Family Essay

The display ultramodern Family is unity of the most victorious sitcom on television forthwith. The show depicts a total of trio families, a parental family, (Jay and Gloria) and the families of the two grown siblings, (Mitchell & Claire). Claire is married to Phil and has three children of their own, enchantment Mitchell is a gay father with a live-in husband, Cameron. The on-screen worldview of the families are very coarse with an almost anything goes attitude that is based on an atheist or an agnostics perspective. The bound amount of shows that I get worded did non display any references to God. The family values envisioned the spick-and-span Normal, that is currently macrocosm offered on many new-fashioned television shows. On the show, I witnessed a lot of light-hearted moments that made period of play of the life choices that each character made, and how different characters resolved them. The comedy is situational, and dilemmas approach are often real-life, bu t offer whimsical, light-hearted solutions.The shows worldview is secular, but adheres to defining the New Normal in its application. The three families all move with each otherwise and depict three different types of households, all coping with everyday problems that touch on that particular group. When dealing with gay issues, Mitchel and Cameron are in the fore nominal head offering an exaggerated look and perspective. Family issues are addressed by Phil and Claire, and how they interact with parenting of their three children. Jay and Gloria deal with life from viewpoint of an aging father, who marries a young woman, who is currently pregnant with his child. The shows core values are loosely weave with standards and practices that suggest an anything is OK attitude, which would be expressed by secular humanist. Observations of this show are based on my own personal up-bring and how we handled different situations in our lives. My Christian parents would not have been so exc epting of two men donjon together.Our family thinkd that marriage is between a man and a woman. Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman that is detestable, (Leviticus 18 22, NIV). Our family values were centered on our Catholic faith, whereas we believed and trusted in the Lord. In the show, Phil (husband of Claire) is portrayed as being a weak father figure, who is often laughed at and scorned by his family. He constantly wants to be everyones friend and does not hang into the role of a strong and guiding force within his family. In secern, my father was the head of our household, and for a long time he was the bushel provider. Both church and prayer were a large part of our day-by-day lives. These are beliefs and traditions that I have passed onto my family.My views are in direct contrast to this sitcom. Its impact on my family is very little since I am not a regular viewer and the show is a negative settle on my personal worldview. I believe that t he influence of this show on the American man is limited in scope. Many people watch and except the shows premise for what it is, just a funny comedy that rattling has no real value or worth. Other people impart see it as an example of how a modern family should behave and lay down those same dynamics in their household. I see this show as a negative influence when it comes to the family.television set has a way of cause public opinion. If enough similar programing is available, we as a familiarity tend to accept the New Normal without question. In conclusion, the show Modern Family, is a portrayal of the American family that presents an atheist view on life. I saw no reference to God or even a slight suggestion that the family has a religious background. In todays society the family is always being redefined by the media and has no religious insight. Television networks record on social and moral issues is very poor. The television executives believe the theory that they are open and honest, and present a product that the public wants. Modern Family is one networks answer to what is considered the New Normal, in today society.

Project Quality and Risk Management

Phase 5-DB Project Quality and Risk Management PM610-Project Management, Execution, and closing Risk is best defined basically as the potential to baffle a loss of some sort. Risk summary is the process of formation and analyzing the dangers to individuals, businesses and government agencies posed by potential natural and human-ca apply adverse events. In IT, a jeopardize analysis report sack up be roled to align technology-related objectives with a comp any(prenominal)s business objectives.A risk analysis report can be either quantitative or qualitative. (Search Mid-Market Security 2010). Now that we earn what risk analysis is, ley us examine the two types qualitative and quantitative. qualitative risk analysis is the most popular and does not involve any numerical probabilities or predictions of loss. The qualitative method certainly does involve formation the various threats, determining the extent of vulnerabilities and devising countermeasures should an attack occur. n umerical risk analysis attempts to numerically determine the probabilities of various adverse events to the likelihood of the losses if it is a particular event that takes place. Qualitative risk analysis is enchant to use when you need to determine which risk be important enough to manage. On way is to identify the severity of the impact to the pop out in name of high, medium, or low. Also when you want to estimate the probability of the risk occurring in terms of high, medium, or low.So getting a quick estimate, not so much as counting them, will help to gauge how the project is doing in the project life cycle. Quantitative risk analysis is appropriate to use when your objective is to calculate the numeric values for each factor of the data gathered during the risk assessment and the cost benefit analysis. For example, the veritable value of each business asset in terms is estimated in terms of what it would cost to replace it, what it would cost in terms of at sea producti vity, what it would cost in terms of brand reputation, and other direct and confirming business values.The process requires the user to attempt to use the same objectivity when computing asset exposure, cost of controls, and all of the other values that are identified during the risk focal point process. (Information Network and Security, 2013) For the IRTC customer service trunk project, I think I will use both the qualitative and quantitative risk analysis methods to some degree. Using the qualitative risk method will take into consideration the additional funds and resources necessitate as well as the extra hours it will take to perfect(a) the add-on to the project.The quantitative method will help manage the risk factor whether high, medium, or low to show the vendors, the project team and management what to tackle first. This will be especially helpful as the motley request is going through appropriations. References Rouse, Margaret (2010). Definition Risk Analysis Retrie ved on 19 March 2013, from www. searchmidmarketsecurity. techtarget/com The Security Practitioner (2013). An Introduction to Information, Network and Security. Quantitative Risk Assessment. Retrieved on 20 March 2013, from www. security. practitioner. com

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms Essay

I. Importance of StudyFound in the Journal of advanced(a) Nursing, a group of Norse psychologists conducted an observational longitudinal battleground to affect whether or not there is a relationship because Health cogitate Quality of behavior (HRQoL), and Post-Traumatic striving Disorder symptoms (PTSD). Mette Senneseth, Kjersti Alsaker & Gerd Karin Natvig, conducted this depicted object. According to the journal, the aim of the issue was to examine HRQoL and PTSD symptoms in the people that at tend Accident and destiny departments (A&E), due to the fact that they suffer from some type of psychosocial crisis (Alasker et al. 2011, 403). Here afterward, this is referred to as search 1. The memorise done in question 1 issueed that there has been an participation in seeking ones quality of life, and how it correlates with ones health. The margin HRQoL refers to the issuings of health, illness and intervention on QoL (Alasker et al. 2011, 403). There have been a digit of studies that suggest that traumatic life events, including, entirely not exceptional to, sexual assault and soldiery scrap, have a negative effect on HRQoL. Additionall(a)y, poor HRQoL is not only associated with PTSD symptoms, but they be related to inconsistencys and modification in HRQoL, and there is a negative correlation coefficient betwixt the deuce (Alasker et al. 2011, 403). The researchers hypothesized that people who seek help at A&E, paltry from such psychosocial calamites, have lower HRQoL than the general population of Norway at the prison term of the learn, and that the instrumentalists will have improved HRQoL after two months (Alasker et al. 2011, 403). In addition, a second hypothesis predicts that participants who have juicy levels of PTSD symptoms at the time of the analyse will have reduced symptoms after the last of the study at two months.Lastly, the third hypothesis wraps the study up by predicating that high levels of PTSD symptoms atomic number 18 associated to low HRQoL markers in a experience experiment (Alasker et al., 2011, 403). Found in the Cyber-psychology, Behavior and brotherly Networking Journal, a group of researchers conducted a study to compare the effects of VR-graded picture therapy (VR-GET) versus treatment as usual (TAU) on people suffering from combat related PTSD (McLay et al. 2011, 223). Robert Mclay, Dennis Wood, Jennifer Webb-Murphy, crowd together Spira, Mark Miederholf, Jeffery Pyne and BrendaWiederhold conducted this study. Hereafter, this is referred to as enquiry 2. The doctors responsible for conducting this study frame that there has only been one randomized, control conduct proof-of-concept study that was specifically designed for Active Duty Service Members suffering from PTSD (McLay et al. 2011, 223). Also, the doctors valued to extend the already found research gathered from victims of PTSD, and take the study one step further. The researchers of Research 2 hypothesized that patients with combat-related PTSD would be to a greater extent exchangeablely to experience clinically signifi crowd outt improvements in VR-GET than treatment as usual (McLay et al. 2011, 224). VR-GET is a practical(prenominal) reality stimulation that combines graded virtual reality exposure with physiologic supervise and skills training (McLay et al. 2011, 224). Also, VR-GET promotes engagement with, kinda than escaping the events and experiences that prompt a traumatic episode.II. METHODSIn regards to Research 1, the participants in the study had to meet three criteria beforehand they were able to participate. During the recruitment period, the researchers found participants who were attend the A&E due to a psychosocial crisis and who consulted a psychiatric nurse, were 18 years of age or older, and those who were able to both read and regard Norwegian (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). A total of 113 were asked to participate in the study. Of those 113 people selected, 99 of t he people participated in the service line study, and 41 participated in both the baseline study, and the revaluation study. Aforementioned, this was an observational longitudinal study, where participants were observed repeatedly over a long period of time.There were two types of instruments that were utilize for the research in Research 1. The first instrument that was use was a SF-36 Health Survey, which is a 36 item self-report questionnaire that assesses viii domains of physical and MH ranging from 1-100 (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). In this survey, the higher score reveals the best HRQoL, and the lower score reveals the poorest HRQoL (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). The second instrument that was used for this study was the Post-traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSS-10), which is a ten item self-report questionnaire that assesses the presenceand tawdriness of symptoms (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). On the PTSS-10, scores range from 10 to 70, and a score of 35 or greater results in a PTSD d iagnosis (Alasker et al. 2011, 404). In addition to the two questionnaires, participants were encouraged to go to consolations at the A&E. The number of consultations that each participant attended varies through prohibited the study.In regards to Research 2, participants for the study were all Active Duty Service Members who had been diagnosed by a phalanx mental health professional as having PTSD related to military combat (McLay et al. 2011, 224). At the end of the baseline assessment, those who were qualified to participate in he study were asked to draw a piece of paper out of an envelop, making the selection of treatment completely random, and giving the participants an equal take place of choosing either treatment. There were a total of twenty people that participated in this study ten depute to the VR-GET and another ten delegate to TAU (McLay et al. 2011, 225).The two methods of Research 2 consisted of the VR-GET and the TAU. The participants that were assigned for the V R-GET had a sequence of sessions that consisted of assorted activities. First, the healer would meet with the participant and discuss their trauma history. In the second session, participants were asked to reveal their more traumatic stories of their military combat and tours. In later sessions, the participant used the virtual reality helmet to relive their most traumatic events, ground off of the teaching that was gathered about them in the earlier sessions. In each session, the participants were observed on their ability to face their fears and anxieties (McLay et al. 2011, 225). Participants assigned to TAU could prevail any of the regular services available to them at the NMCSD and NHCP. These two facilities post full spectrum of PTSD treatment, including, but not limited to, cognitive process therapy, prolonged exposure, and group therapy (McLay et al. 2011, 225).III. ANALYSIS/RESULTSAnalysisThe researchers for Research 1 used the two self-report questionnaires to gather their data. In addition, the researchers processed the data usingstatistical analysis with the help of SPSS16 Processor for Windows (Oslo, Norway). The researcher for this study wants to compare the results of the two surveys with the general population of Norway, and to succeed with that, they used SF-36 data through the Norwegian Coordinated Living Conditions Survey from 2002, consisting of 5131 people (Alasker et al. 2011, 405).In Research 2, it was found that participants in the baseline study had lower norm- ground scores in all eight HRQoL domains in comparison to the general population of Norway. In the follow-up study, two months later, the participants still had lower norm-based scores than the general population of Norway, but participants had improved their HRQoL in five of the eight domains from the baseline study to the follow-up study (Alasker et al. 2011, 406).In regard to the PTSS-10 questionnaire in Research 1, among the participants in the baseline study, 79% of t hem had a PTSS-10 score that was 35, expressing high levels of PTSD symptoms (Alasker et al. 2011, 406). At the follow-up, 59% of the participants had a PTSS-10 score that was 35, which shows high levels of PTSD symptoms, which can indicate a risk of developing PTSD (Alasker et al. 2011, 406).The researchers for Research 2 aimed to identify which of the VR-GET or TAU would yield a greater percentage of participants with a clinically substantive reduction in PTSD (McLay et al. 2011, 225). The researcher succeeded in deepening their research by investigating the difference in CAPS scores at an sign assessment and then at the post-treatment assessment in VR-GET versus TAU (McLay et al. 2011, 226). The CAPS is a military rating scale for PTSD that corresponds with the 17 symptoms of PTSD (McLay et al. 2011, 226). Participants were classified according to whether or not they had a 30% of larger reduction of their PTSD based on the results of their CAPS. ii. Analysis ResultsTaking a loo k at Research 1, and the question concerning whether or not there is a link between PTSD symptoms and HRQoL, researchers looked at the differences in SF-36 scores between PTSS-10 subgroups in a follow-up study(Alasker et al. 2011, 406). The PTSS-10 high scoring and low scoring subgroups at the 2-month follow-up differed in all eight of the HRQoL domains in the follow up study (Alasker et al. 2011, 406). In addition, the PTSS-10 low scoring participants had improved HRQoL in half-dozen out of the eight domains (Alasker et al. 2011, 407).In regards to Research 2, all ten of the participants assigned to the VR-GET were assessed with the CAPS at the post-assessment. Seven out of the ten participants showed an improvement of 30% or more on the CAPS. On the other hand, out of the ten participants that were assigned to the TAU, one did not complete a CAPS assessment. Nevertheless, one out of the niner returning participants receiving the TAU revealed more than a 30% improvements on the C APS (McLay et al. 2011, 226). There was no significant difference between VR-GET and TAU average CAPS scores both before and after the treatments, but there was indeed a significant difference in the average CAPS score over the course of the entire treatment (McLay et al. 2011, 226).IV. DISCUSSIONResults SummaryConcerning Research 1s first hypothesis, participants of the study reported lower HRQoL compared to the general population of Norway in all eight HRQoL domains (Alasker et al. 2011, 408). In regards to the second hypothesis, participants in Research 1 reported high levels of PTSD symptoms at the time of the baseline experiment. Furthermore, PTSS-10 scores did improve from the time of the baseline experiment to the follow-up. The results show that PTSD symptoms decrease for people suffering from a psychosocial crisis in the 2 months after attending the A&E (Alasker et al. 2011, 408). Lastly, concerning the questions if there is a link between the level of PTSD symptoms and HRQ oL in the follow-up study, the researchers found that a high level of PTSD symptoms after a two month period were linked to lower HRQoL (Alasker et al. 2011, 408).Results for Research 2Strengths and WeaknessesIn regards to Research 1, there are many strengths and lurking variables that should be pointed out. One strength of the study was that theyprogress of the study was completely up to the participant. The participant had the option as to how may consultations they wanted to attend, and the varied decisions led to different results. Another strength of the study was that they used instruments that were both discriminate to the study, and reliable. On the contrary, there were several confounding variables in Research 1 that must be acknowledged. First, there is no evidence that anyone in this runnel was on any sort of anti-depressant or medication that would affect his or her scores on the SF-36 and the PTSS-10. Also, there are so many different traumatic events that would cause someone to show symptoms of PTSD. The study should limit its participants to those who see similar types of trauma.As for Research 2, there were also strengths and weaknesses to the study. As for its strengths, the doctors did a good job through their selections process to select a refined group of people who were highly qualified for this study. Also, the exam that was used to dance step the severity of the participants PTSD was based off of seventeen symptoms of PTSD, whereas the instrument used in Research 1 (PTSS-10) only focused on ten symptoms of PTSD. Lastly, the ten-week span of the study was appropriate in yielding results. Just like any other study, there are confounding variables that need to be identified for Research 2. Although the goal was to get the participants in for a revaluation at the conclusion of the study (ten weeks), reassessment for some did not emit until as far as 36 weeks. With that being said, participants have the great unwashed of time to have a relapse, or more time in combat that can result in more severe PTSD. iii. future(a) DirectionsThe researchers of Research 1 suggest that a randomized control rill with a control group is needed to investigate the effect of the psychosocial interactions that are given to this group (Alasker et al. 2011, 407). In addition, they suggest that it is crucial to get more, information about the long term effects of acute crisis intervention on PTSD symptoms and HRQoL given by psychiatric nurses to participants (Alasker et al. 2011, 410).The researchers of Research 2 also have some suggestions for further directions of this research. It was stated that other studies on the subject fieldof virtual reality therapy on PTSD victims, improvements in symptoms arent panoptic until sometimes three months after treatment. For future studies there needs to be a longer wait time for the follow-ups so that there can be the most accurate results. In addition, the journal states that careful monito ring of the participants is also something that needs to be done more thorough in the future because a participants overall health, aside from PTSD, must be interpreted into consideration when the researchers are making observations and conclusions about the participants (McLay et al. 2011, 226).Works CitedMette Senneseth, Kjersti Alsaker, Gerd Karin Natvig. (2011). Health-related Quality of Life and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Accident and Emergency Attenders Suffering From Psychosocial Crises a Longitudinal Study, Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 402-414. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.rocky.iona.edu2048/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=6c7164f6-d4f6-4ce6-8a46-f1ad579caf63%40sessionmgr15&vid=5&hid=24Robert N. Mclay, Dennis P. Wood, Jennifer A. Webb-Murphy, James L. Spira, Mark D. Wiederhold, Jeffery M. Pyne, Brenda K. Wiederhold. (2011). A Randomized, Control Trial of Virtual Reality-Graded Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Active Duty Se rvice Members with Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and affectionate Networking Volume 14, Issue 4. Retrieved from http//web.ebscohost.com.rocky.iona.edu2048/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=61603dcf-c639-423e-8f1e-365db0b36d61%40sessionmgr13&vid=4&hid=24

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein tells the story of superordinates ambition to success panopticy create a lifetime by means of the use of science. In the present times, this is closely known as communicableal engineering or cloning, wherein a scientist or a doctor dabbles in the fakes of creating a new life or transforming a life through science and technology. Shelley shows in her work that master key had successfully created a being, however it stunned him, non in amazement but in hatred and fear of the misshapen creature he has created.The creature that Victor created was adultlike like in its physique but childlike in its mind. Its naturalness became its downfall as it slowly learned, the hard way, that it is not a popular human being but a reject of the society because of its appearance. This conduct to its violent rampage destroying the things that it desires, belongingness in the society, and created an even more fearsome gloriole that caused people, even its creator, a deeper terror and horror in its existence.This shows that such inventions and discoveries does not necessarily mean success in the world of science as such creatures do not dramatic merriment a significant use of goods and services in making the lives of people better. This indicates that science and technology has a huge power in playing with fate and lives that people tend to oral sex its ethics, morals and value. Shelley successfully presents in her work that science has to consider genuine ethics and morals with its inventions, thinking about the purpose and result of the work in the world of humans.Ethics and morals are the basis of how humans live and think. The society strongly against inventions such as cloning and genetic engineering because of these values. Although the value life is a strong motive for dabbling into the humanistic discipline of creating or transforming human life, the society thinks immoral of such actions because it makes the creator play with li fe, which in a religious or ethical sense, humans cannot play with. Shelleys Frankenstein shows that playing with fate and life has its consequences.Something that is created from the pieces of man cannot be in all human on its own. Rejection is always present in society, and it cannot be blamed on the people when a creature, as misshapen as Frankenstein roams the streets without full knowledge of what life is. The lesson the Shelley leaves her readers is the importance of considering how knowledge is to be used for humanity and to ameliorate human life. Another impacting thought that Shelley leaves is the significance of proper instruct of the masters to their students.When Victor showed an uncanny interest in modern science, his teachers dismissed his curiousity without explaining to him why such fascination is dangerous and not worth paying attention to. Victor turned to modern science because of the limitations of alchemy. He feature his knowledge of aggripa, alchemy and the modern science to turn create a new life that he later rejected and loathed. Both the educators and the students eat a responsibility in what they do and the results of their actions.Before any scientific invention and discovery is pursued, ethical considerations, moral responsibility and purpose is to be weighed. Educators and students should look at their works with purpose and not just because they cherished to create something new. They have to consider the results of such actions, and if it will result to something that is not beneficial for human life and will endanger the morals and values of the society, then it should be discouraged. Science and technology is something that is to be used to improve human life not destroy it.

My First Morning At School

It was the 17th March 1997. My first day of school. I dragged myself out of acknowledge at 730 am. I went to the toilet to wash my face, where I saw a elephantine red spot on my waital bone that was the first sign of bad luck. I heard my mama glide path out of her room, Are you ascertainy for your bighearted day?No, I moaned anxiously, pretending to be sick.You are going to school today, so dont even try it. My ma could see right through me, and knew I wasnt sick.I was really scared as I meterped through the front gates of what was about to be my new school, counting both step I took.My mum led me to the general office we were 20 transactions late. I was really scared. I started to shake. My heart started beating twice as fast. I knew all of the children were already inside the classroom. They were going to watch every move I made.We were kept inside the office for about fractional an hour. Shortly after came a frightening old women with grey hair, who looked unco like Cinderellas step mother. She came in and said to my mother, Are you Miss Omar?Yes, my mum said, sounding like a robot boring and repetitive, a keep expression on her face.Come follow me. Right this way, the women said, very happily.My mum and I followed her as she led us to my new classroom. She opened the limen really slowly, causing the old and rotten door to make a terrifying noise. This attracted all the students attention. I was really embarrassed as I stood outside of the classroom. She went in and called the leading classroom teacher outside for a moment, to have a word with my mum. I was told to preface my mother and myself, and teacher introduced herself her name was Ms.Willis.I went inside the classroom with my teacher. Even though I was taller than most of them I felt as though I was skirt by giants. Ms. Willis told everyone to model on a nasty dirty spread over that had chewing gum all over it, which was at the back of the classroom, and told me to introduce myself to introduce myself to everyone.We were told to sit in alphabetical order I was told to sit next to three girls. I was really nervous because they kept on looking at my forehead. I got really angry, and said, Stop it in a really deep and angry voice. They were shocked and had puzzled expressions.My teacher came to me with a blank exercise book and a reading book, Can you read? I nodded my head knowing little of what she meant.Read this book for me, Ms. Willis said.I read the book with an awkward accent. She gave me the exercise book and told me to write my name, math and 5W, because that was my classs name.It was 1200 pm. My teacher shouted out, Stop what you are doing and line up outside. I followed everyone as they stopped and lined up outside, and stood at the back of the line. My teacher came out locked the door and led us to this big shiny stairwell. It was so clean and shiny you could see your reflection on the floor.I stepped inside the stairwell it was reeking of expired f ood. Every step I took, the smell was start outting worse and worse. We finally got inside the dinner hall. It was big there were 14 long tables inside it. You would have to be placidity to get your lunch but my table was noisy so we didnt get to go first. We eventually got there I felt humiliated by the food the school was offering. It looked like food that was cooked yesterday. That was the final humiliation of the day.

Confidence in third world countries

BLOSTERING INVESTOR CONFIDENCE IN trio WORLD COUNTRIESThe history of world has been interposed by a cryptic series of roars and slacks. Historians have singled out the experience of the early 1930 s as the vast desperation. This undeniably amazing event damaged the so promising frugal stableness in Europe and badly broken consumer and investor assurance nearly the World. Similarly the population debt crisis of the 1970 s and 1980 s besides brought with it its ain violent storm effects that overcame both develop and develop states. The debt place of developing states became specially upseting when as Stambuli ( 1998 ) comments it became clear that there was a lifting disparity of external obligation and the capableness of states to serve their debt. This terrible disagreement was in the terminal set forth by several debt agreements and more notably states saying non-payment. ( Stambuli, 1998 )In retrospect there have been many givens that have wanted to explicate the c auses of this crisis, just this paper will research in peculiar whether developed or developing states should be held responsible for doing and by extension relieving this crisis and how investor assurance female genitals surely be boosted in 3rd public states.In range to wholly conceive the thought of answerability we must foremost understand the common fortunes under which 3rd universe debt became disputing. Many development stinting experts view the considerable addition in oil monetary determine in 1974, which saw the court of oil rise from $ 2.70 in 1973 to an affright $ 10.00 per container, as a chief footing.This rise immediately elevated the spare on the current histories of oil bring forthing states from $ 7 billion in 1973 to $ 68 billion in 1974. These big excesss twisted the status good documented by Stambuli ( 1998 ) that encouraged oil-exporting states who had more foreign exchange than they unavoidable invest in western Bankss. In a command to dismiss the consequent liquidness these Bankss so sought to recycle the excess of petro-dollars with developing states that had experienced neglecting current histories. The most important charge confronting developed states was their rabid and careless lending process after the for the first time oil monetary values hurt that occasion small cod procedure in set uping the recognition virtue of the recipient state.As the crisis became more homely in early 1980 s international Commercial Bankss began to see virtually of the negative impacts of their actions. Due to the alteration in financial policy of developed states Bankss began imparting at bit by bit high and unsettled involvement tempos. Bernal ( 1997 ) , reports that involvement rates moved from 12.1 % in 1978 to 17.4 % in 1981 and so to 12.9 % in 1985, therefore Bankss had begun to canvas what Stambuli ( 1998 ) documented as the Sovereign risk of infection Hypothesis , which assumed that states were protected by their built-in character from default Risk. The image farther deteriorated as developed states besides reduced call assistance and invest to developing states and increased protectionist policies that strictly exploited less(prenominal) positive Countries chances for obtaining foreign exchange to go on serving their debt. ( Bernal, 1997 ) t thence Less Developed Countries politicss have surely contributed in altering the line of credit of debt into a catastrophe. Brown ( 1986 ) carries this competition farther since he comments that in Jamaica for illustration, the Government s finding of fact between 1976 and 1980 to protect an overrated exchange rate and to promote communist policies influenced investor assurance and sudden bang-up flight. The authorities so found itself adjudgeing to borrow non merely to finance the current history shortage but besides increasing degrees of net corking escapes. Brown, 1986It should hence be clear that both almost Developed Countries and Less Developed Countries should bear the incrimination of doing the Debt Crisis. Less Developed Countries nevertheless unsteadily could h old reduced these effects if they had managed their debt more professionally during the short period.Investing in deuce-ace universe Countries makes good concern sense while there are pools of planetary fiscal resources in hunt of chances for variegation and higher(prenominal) returns. Besides, investing chances in such states are reported to offer approximately of the highest rates of return on investing, even on a risk-adjusted footing.Most terzetto universe Countries authoritiess have over the last 15 old ages taken important stairss to make an encouraging concern atmosphere. These steps accommodate far success macro economic betterment that have condensed cipher shortages and rising prices degrees to individual witness degrees and elicited economic development. A figure of authoritiess have besides taken actions to reenforce the legal and judiciary carcass and restrictive establishments such as those for venture support.While sufficient investing controls and fiscal tools are important to capital flows, most Third universe states have underdeveloped trade good and capital markets. Similarly, basic counterfeit and warrant instruments that enable investors manage hazard are partial. In appurtenance, attempt supports rely chiefly on bank funding, given the inadequacy of Third universe states capital markets, where market capitalisation of most of the states equity capital markets is less than a 3rd of Gross Domestic Product ( gross domestic product ) .Despite the growing made by many states to undertake the break highlighted above and the anticipation for higher returns in Third universe states than in other parts of the universe, most investors have non taken the clip to reexamine the investing opportunities available in Third universe states.In point of reference of the significance of reliable economic information, the Bank Group is taking a programme to better informations quality, aggregation, and direction in all Third universe states. The Group is lending more than half of the entire undertaking cost of USD 40 million and expects that the undertaking will help coordination and regional integrating, and fuel capital flows by back uping investor assurance. The Group s attempts to back up good control should besides beef up investor assurance. In add-on to financing institutional support undertakings that improve the capacity of legal and regulative bureaus, the Bank provides resources to bureaus such as the Organization for the Harmonization of Business equity in Africa ( OHADA ) , whose authorization is to make conditions that assure legal security for concerns.Similarly, the first theoretical account investing jurisprudence of the African Law take ( an institute sponsored by the Group ) , has been certified by cardinal regional establishments. This will further regional integrating and farth er fuel investings and capital flows to Third universe states.To reason, I believe that each one of us has a critical function to play, either bit good every bit much to derive in increasing capital flows to Third universe states. It makes good concern sense, it makes good unselfish sense. Through due diligence and partnerships, you will be rejecting the doomsday scenarios of Afro pessimists, which leads to a vision of fatalism and despair for Third universe states. You will alternatively be back uping a vision of Third universe states that are genuinely affluent pass moneymaking chances for investings.MentionsAyittey, George B.N. ( 1993 ) , Africa Betrayed.Stambuli, ( 1998 ) Sovereign Risk Hypothesis, New York.Bernal, ( 1997 ) , peripheral Debt, ChicagoBrown, ( 1986 ) , within the trilateral of deflation & A InflationWorld Bank databases and UNCTAD World Investment Report, 2003

Philosophy and Politics

Philosophy has enabled benignant frame life to study the general and everyday problems which concern m any(prenominal) matters to imply beauty, truth, mind, validity, language, existence, language and even truth. While Philosophy is a general status that is highly acceptable to address and answer questions by using authoritative approaches and its credibility on the grounds of reas unmatchedd aims, there is a accent that is app arnt between g everywherening and Philosophy which Ancient Greek fount means love of apprehension. Good governance needs laws that argon cosmosdated and initiated by government.The ways a society is being governed highly affects the kind of living the citizens experience. regime atomic number 18 made up of convocation of throng that formulate decisions for the betterment of the populace. It has also been palpable in earthly concerny group interactions such as the religious, academic and even in the corporate world. despite the fact that both exist to fulfill the needs of humans for order, it is unmixed that a man in 1 point of his life or a nonher might choose whether to live under the see of Politics or Philosophy.The issues had been explored in Platos masterpieces justification and The country. hardly although, the bank line is perceptible, the end result for the mixture of both may lead to a more wonderful life to all mankind. The researcher wishes to address any reconciliation that may occur between the rivalries of the cardinal approaches in man regulation, if Philosophy and Politics fecal matter be practiced at the aforesaid(prenominal) measure. Philosophy and Politics in Platos Works Justice is necessitated by human in all walks of life. An individual is honed by the cultural and tender norms that craft his totality as a whole.Many factors attri unlesse on how a person behaves or acts. The life in the world has sought-after(a) to deal on existence necessitated of man as man to function and subsist. You may choose to live a political life or you potful pursue a life that is committed in purpose contemplation and truth. Apology The Apology by Plato is his version of Socrates obstetrical delivery during the time Socrates defends himself in opposition to the charges. The accusations against Socrates brought up were living his life that refuses to adulate and idolization the gods, corrupts the mind of the young and makes new deities.The main theme of the entire speech proposes that Philosophy instigates when one admits that he is ignorant. Socrates dramatically states that the wisdom he has, originates from his perfect knowledge that he doesnt know anything (23b, 29b). Politics in this soften conducts a rightful(a) proceeding that is made show up of informal charges that solitary(prenominal) stanched out of gossips and prejudices against Socrates Socrates is committing an in nicety, in that he inquires into things below the earth and in the sky, and makes the weaker argum ent the stronger, and teaches a nonher(prenominal)s to keep his example (18b-c).Socrates refuted the accusations through voicing out that he should non in any way be mistaken as a sophist or a scholar that is highly paid and wise. He then expressed his philosophical inspiration that he is poor and does not know anything that is good and noble. Socrates believed that the accusations against him rooted with his compliance with the oracle he authoritative in Delhi. He had the foreign mission of solving the paradox which is the ignorant man could be the wisest of all men (23e). It is apparent that Politics has an indirect linkup to Philosophy because both aim to provide a good human life course.In this part reconciliation is quite evident since Politics is ruled out by spate or humans that invest the way to righteousness and lawfulness based on human detection enacted by the law while Philosophy which Plato deals with dwells more with the spiritual and master intervention as t he correct path to rectitude and uprightness. Socrates perceived that his skeptical to many people gained him the reputation as an annoying person. His life mission interpreted in the speech that true wisdom comes from the gods while wisdoms of man together with their achievements have diminutive or are not blue-chip at all.It was greatly stressed that Socrates accepts as legitimate that the power of his lawful superior, may it be divine or human should be followed. But when there is a discrepancy or conflict between the two Politics or Philosophy, he deems that the divine authority should take precedence and primacy Gentlemen, I am your grateful and devoted servant, but I owe a greater obedience to God than to you and as long as I draw breath and have my faculties I shall never split practicing philosophy (Plato, Dialogue Part 1).Socrates articulated that he will not stop his aspiration for his fellow Athenians to have greater awareness of example truth and goodness. Though, p eople might impede his questioning or statement and even if they withdraw all the charges against him, Socrates put across his plan of not bringing an end to his inquiries for the pursuance of truth. Socrates was charged as guilty by a very small margin (36a). He was sentenced to death through drin top executive Hemlock. Though, Socrates can resort to emotive tricks to appease the juries.He relied in the end to the truth in the presentation of his case. Socrates prophesied that the younger and harsher critics will pursue what he started that can aggravate them even more (39d). The land by Plato The Republic by Plato is also a Socratic dialog. The main topic of the dialogue centers at the issue of who is happier between the just and the unjust man that was figure through creating a make-believe city that is ruled by philosopher-kings. For around part, the dialogue tackles justice in different ways.Like in one part of the first book where two types of justice are presented but b oth were deemed inappropriate. First, talks about returning debts that someone owed while the scrap one embarks upon helping out friends at the same time harming the enemies. These were ballpark definitions of justice that Socrates reckons to be derisory in isolated cases and as a consequence lack stringency stipulated of a definition, though he does not wholly decline them because each, in some way or some other conveys a universal sagacity of justice.Justice when implemented with Philosophy encompasses gracility to all mankind. This was evident in the end of Book I where Socrates ratified Polemarchus insight that justice embraces helping out friends but the just man would never do any harm to anybody even an enemy. Thrasymachus on the other hand provides his perception of justice as what is good for the stronger (Book I), which reflects those people in Politics who have power over the society. This also echoes Thrasymachus belief that rulers are the primary resource of justic e in every city where in they enact laws that benefit themselves the most.Philosophy is widely tackled in The Republic to influence Politics on what it should build within the society to provide a just community. In this dialogue, it can be seen that Philosophy and Politics can be reconciled though Philosophy still takes supremacy over Politics. Correspondingly, Socrates describes justice as working at that which he is naturally trump out suited, along with to do ones own business and not to be a busybody (433a-433b). He then continues by presenting how to sustain and perfect justice through three cardinal virtues to include Temperance, Wisdom, and Courage (433a-433b).Philosophy correlates with Politics through creating a society that divides people in to three explicit types which are the soldier, producer and ruler. Books II to IV mainly carry out that if a ruler can create just laws, and when the soldiers or warriors follow the orders of their rulers, and if authorities are obe yed by the producers, then it will formulate a society that is rightful and just, thus creating a happier life. Three arguments were presented by Plato why he sees that it is better to be just rather than for the individual to be unjust.The arguments were An oppressors nature will allow him to incur horrid breed and pangs and that the conventional tyrant has a lifestyle that is mentally and physically gainsay on a ruler which is the total opposite of a philosopher king that is truth loving (Book IX). Another argument in Book IX that Plato puts forward is that the Philosopher is the only type of ruler that can best political campaign a society since he is acquainted to the Form of the Good. The last one that Plato contends is that Pleasures which are approved by the lover of wisdom and reason are the truest (Book IX).The Republics main ideology is to form the government and government that is governed by philosopher-kings. In this, it is highly susceptible that Philosophy and po litical sympathies could in some way or another worked hand in hand. Socrates believes that the foursome types of ruling such as timocracy, democracy, oligarchy and tyranny can lead to subversive activity of power. The Republic by Plato also contains his Allegory of the Cave where he elucidates how a former prisoner from a cave came to carry through that the sun which illuminates the surround and which initially blinded him is the Form of the Good that causes the brightness.He also came to realize that it is the sun that made him see and appreciate the beauty and goodness in the things that surround him. Plato considers the caveman as the philosopher, who knows the Form of Good and therefore should machinate others to spread the same light he achieved. The dialogue narrates conversations and arguments concerning an Ideal introduce by manipulating politics through Philosophical ideas and how other forms of governance could not properly and adequately sustain its ruling. Conclusi onThough Platos Apology and The Republic mainly discuss how Philosophy or love of wisdom should be adhered over and above anything else, it also manifested that Philosophy and politics can reconcile to the betterment of the society. The Apology chiefly venerates Philosophy over politics but in some parts evidently address that people involved in Politics should be respected and followed, hence, when a brushing between the two takes place Philosophy should win against the other. Platos The Republic on the other hand, points out a Political institution that is to be ruled by a Philosopher towards a just society.

Neurosurgery

Surgeons, one of the many Jobs that implement chemistry skills in order to succeed in the battleground is a field of science that I am most interested in and I believe that taking AP Chemistry will only when arm the skills I need in order to become a surgeon. The emblem of operating theater that most interests me would be the surgery relating to the brain/ spinal anaesthesia electric cord named neurosurgery.Within the field of surgery, neurosurgery, which Is a branch of surgery that specializes In brain surgery/spinal cord surgery, Is relatively nouns and It has evolved Into an Independent surgical specialty only during the olden century, developing from general surgery (Columbia Neurosurgeons). They are the highest paid of tout ensemble surgeons, with Incomes that can reach as high as $800,000 annually.Average annual requital $765,321 according to the 201 3 MAGMA survey of 201 2 Income (Santiago). Also the Job observation tower for surgeons Is 18%, which Is faster than av erage which Is a perk of becoming a surgeon as the demand for surgeons is growing at an exponential regularize (Bureau of Labor Statistics). I also want to become a neurosurgeon because since the brain is the most unknown organ of the body, in fact it is believed that military personnel only use 10-25% of their brain (MS).In conclusion, the main reason I sign(a) up for AP Chemistry is that medicine is an excellent career choice and careers in this area are often high paying, and there is a shortfall (and a forecasted shortage) of candidates for these jobs. Works Cited Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, Occupational prospect Handbook, 2014-15 Edition, Physicians and Surgeons, n. . Web. 26 June 2014. . Santiago, Andrea. Surgeon Career Profile Overview of Surgeons Careers and Surgery Jobs. About. Com Health Careers. About. Com, n. D.Web. 26 June 2014.. Columbia Neurosurgeons. Healthiness, n. D. Web. 26 June 2014.. Smelling, Robert. How much of the Brain Do W e Really map? MS Healthy Long. Microsoft, n. D. Web. 26 June 2014.. Spinal cord named neurosurgery. Within the field of surgery, neurosurgery, which is a branch of surgery that specializes in brain surgery/spinal cord surgery, is relatively nouns and it has evolved into an independent surgical specialty only during the past highest paid of all surgeons, with incomes that can reach as high as annually.Average annual compensation $765,321 according to the 2013 MAGMA survey of 2012 income (Santiago). Also the Job scout for surgeons is 18%, which is faster than average which is a perk of becoming a surgeon as the is a shortage (and a forecasted shortage) of candidates for these Jobs. Works Cited Shimmering, Robert. How Much of the Brain Do We Really Use? MS Healthy Living.

The advent of globalization has brought significant changes

The advent of internationalization has brought significant changes in the market trends in the railway gondola car industry. As the car industry is currently suffering from slumps delinquent to the rising prices, taxes, competition and the rock oil price hikes, it is authorised to define what the car manufacturers are doing to alleviate the make of these various changes. One important aspect that the automobile manufacturers are doing is to catch lacquerese models of buyer-supplier relations that have been proven to sustain the hindrances that are intricate in venturing the world(a) market.Upon realizing this, US car manufacturers are incorporating these models and are flat slowly gaining pace in the global market. In addition, the issue of car prices has also affected some car manufacturers as they joined the punishing competition in the global market. The factors that affect these car prices should also be given emphasis as these involve the bigger picture of sustaining their ancestry in the long run. Thus, globalization had pushed the automobile industry to improve on these aspects.With improved buyer-supplier relations and free-enterprise(a) car prices, the automobile companies should continue to pass on in enhancing future research on these two aspects to develop the competitive advantage they need in the global market. Factors Affecting Economics of the Globalizing political machine Industry With the current market trends around the world, the automobile industry has suffered slumps due to the rising prices, taxes, competition and most of all, the recent skyrocketing oil price hikes.As the red-brick global self-propelling industry traverses the paths of principal manufacturers, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Volkswagen, Toyota and Daimler-Chrysler, which all guide in a global competitive marketplace, it is seen that theres even much hope to alleviate economic conditions that affect them. It is suggested that the globalization of the autom otive industry, has greatly accelerated during the last half of the 1990s due to the construction of important all overseas facilities and establishment of mergers between giant multinational automakers (Hiroaka, 2001).And, theres no reason that they could repeat that achievement. Globalization and the current mergers in the automobile industry has been correlated with todays controversies over high petrol prices and fuel-guzzling SUVs in the large American market. According to The Economist (September 8, 2005), this picture of the automobile industry totally offers a partial detail of what future holds for industry as a wholeIt may well be fully mature in markets such as North America, Europe and Japan, where over-capacity continues to sap profitability. But globally the industry is set for huge expansion with the motorisation of China and India. inside a few years China pull up stakes replace Japan as the second-largest national market after America. Some experts predict that over the next 20 years more cars will be make than in the entire 110-year history of the industry.In the same report, Garel Rhys, director of the Centre for automotive Industry Research at Cardiff University in Britain, enlightened that this growth will create the need for 180 new factories, each producing 300,000 cars (and light trucks) a yearin effect, almost doubling the production capacity of the global industry to over 110m units annually. Thus, todays car plants will need to be renewed, retooled, refurbished and replaced to roost competitive. There is nowhere for the inefficient to hide. According to Takayasu and Mori (2002), the automobile manufacturing is an industry in which it is difficult to achieve optimized procurement, production and sales on a global scale. However, major assemblers began to form strategic partnerships based on capital relationships in the period from 1998 to 1999, and since then there has been an accelerating trend toward the creation of structures that allow manufacturers to bring a diverse range of vehicles tailored to consumer needs in markets end-to-end the world.

Purpose of Laws in Society Essay

Laws wipe out been around for thousands of years and serve more different usages. Laws set boundaries. Without police force, how do you know what is right or upon? Laws make it clear for all who atomic number 18 under them. Their purpose is alleged(a) to be for the cheerion of nightclub. Laws are for sure necessary in society to ensure the safety of the sight and to ensure functions properly and efficiently. whizz of the study things that laws do is that they promote the goals of society and keep the great unwashed civil and crusade to maintain peace among the plurality and keep the disgust right to a minimal.Laws reflect the values and beliefs in a society and promote raft to do the right thing and follow the law, because it holds people accountable for their choices. One of the goals of society to create equality among the people and law make that realizable giving everyone the same chances as other everyone and the power of freedom is too created through law. La ws also promote the goals of society because they protect people rights.An deterrent example of this would be when people are trying to find a crease the laws protect them from being discriminated against because of at that place race, they cant just choose turned down for the job because of there culture or race. Laws stretch to promote the goals of society and continue to booster keep the people in the country under control and to keep from anarchy. A nonher thing that laws do very nearly is that help ascertain disputes. They accomplish this from having civil courts for example. cultivated court is for civil problems and cases and settling disputes among people.An example of this could be when someone is change something online via ebay or craigslists and or a similar website and then rips the soulfulness off who is buying the service or product the customers could then settle the dispute in a civil court hearing. They also help settle disputes because it gives people t he chance to fight for what is true fully theres and or what is right. For example if someone takes something from them and wont give it spinal column they could settle the problem in a civil court. The theme of law is not to punish people but rather have them hinderance away from crime.As a active member of society we are expected to follow the rules and laws of our country. Law is created to keep people safe from crime and give justice. When a person breaks the law they must accept he punishment according to severity of the crime. Therefore when a person thinks to the highest degree breaking the law, the law makers hope he will think twice. Laws protect people through punishment because it holds people accountable for there actions. originally you commit a crime you already know what the punishment whitethorn be for doing so.Therefore if the law makes someone think twice approximately what they are doing and stop that person from actually committing the crime then it has serv ed its purposed. Laws declare oneself order among the society as well and this is massively important because its keeps people from going substitutely savage and keeps people civilized as well as keeping complete anarchy from arising. Laws provide order among the people because knowing what the laws are also means you should be aware of what happens to those who chose to not follow the law.This keeps people in tact and keeps order because almost people do not wish to serve the punishment of breaking a law and therefore will most likely chose to be a law abiding citizen. Truth be told, laws are definitely needed in todays society, they keep the people civilized and for the most part keep our society running smoothly. People need to have guidelines and rules and laws the need to be followed or else everyone would just do what they wanted and complete chaos would happen. Laws are good and serve a great purpose in our contemporary society.

Battle of Issus Essay

The fight of Issus Sometime around 310 BCE an artisan by the name of Philoxenus of Eretria created amosaic (creating images with an assemblage of small switchs of colored material) of the Battle ofIssus that has long been considered angiotensin converting enzyme of the greatest artistic creations of antiquity. Found at theHouse of the Faun in Pompeii in 1831 the mosaic is quiet of about one and a half milliontiny individual colored tiles called tesserae.The artwork illustrates the battle in whichinvading troops led by Alexander of Macedonia thwarted the army led by King Darius III ofPersia. When looking at the piece the looker cannot help unless be impressed by the psychologicalintensity of the drama taking place. On the Iranian side of the piece the viewers eye isimmediately skeletal to the prominent figure of Darius shown in his chariot. A look of puredesperation, and perhaps even fear, is etched in Darius face as victory slips through his hands.As his steely eyed chariot eer turns to rein his horses for a fast retreat to safety Darius stretchesout his hand toward Alexander either in disbelief that Alexander has beaten him, or perhaps ingrief over the demolition of one of his immortals. Around him are his Persian soldiers who mill inconfusion in the emphasize, their faces make full with fear and determination. On the same side,there are two other figures that are quite notable and demonstrate the artists technicalmastery. The first is the artists depiction of the rearing horse right below Darius which is seenin a three-quarter rear view.The rider, his terror evident upon his face, glances back at thebattle as he attempts to control his horse. This kind of depiction is very impressive and ismuch more gross(a) then other similar attempts such as the shading in the Pella mosaic orthe Vergina mural (Kleiner 142). The second, perhaps even more impressive, is the artistsportrayal of the Persian in the foreground who has fallen onto the ground and rais es a smallshield in a pathetic attempt to prevent being trampled. The mans terrorize face is reflected onthe polished surface of the shield moments before the chariot crushes him chthonic its ornatewheels.On the Macedonian side of things the viewers eye is of flow drawn to Alexander. Thisportrait of Alexander is one of his most famous. His breastplate depicts Medusa the Gorgon. He leads the charge into battle on his horse Bucephalus, without even a helmet to protecthim, and maintains an aura of unshaken confidence in direct contrast to Darius. As Alexandersurges onward in a supreme effort he drives his spear bang-up through one of Dariuss trustedimmortals who puts himself between him and the King of Persia. As the impaled Persiancollapses to the ground, Alexander fixes his gaze upon Darius in utter hatred.Although thedeteriorated condition of the mosaic makes it problematical to distinguish much on the Macedonianside a cavalryman wearing a Boeotian helmet with a golden wreath can been seen behindAlexander. Looking at the mosaic as a whole there are a few important details that grab onesattention. First is the fact that the beautify is very minimal, only one gnarled tree trunkappearing in the background and a few discarded weapons and rocks in the foreground. Secondly, everywhere in the outlook men, animals, and weapons cast shadows on the ground.This unusual attention to detail is what enhances the intensity of the piece and gives it anaspect of realism that truly shows the horror and confusion of battle. The viewer cannot helpbut be drawn into the conflict and become a part of the drama as it unfolds. To me this mosaicis not only a truly great piece of art but also has furthered my understanding of Roman artwork,Macedonian warfare and the emotion in Hellenistic-styled mosaics. It is palmy tounderstand how Roman author and natural philosopher Pliny the Elder concluded thatPhiloxenus depiction of the Battle of Issus was inferior to none (Kleiner 142).

The History of Art, Changed

Many artists and musicians have a claim to fame Elvis Presley is The King of swing-and-roll, Michael capital of Mississippi is The King of pop, Miles Davis made jazz what it is today. But perhaps the only melodious artists that are known for having changed an entire era of youth musically, politically, socially, and even economically are The Beatles. john, capital of Minnesota, George, and Ringo are four names that when said together will, in most cases, solicit the same response The Beatles.There was Beatlemania, Ed Sullivan, previous(predicate) years, transition years, drug years, war years, the fighting, and of course, the break-up. Their first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show is just as vivid in the memories of baby boomers as is the memory of John F. Kennedys assassination. Perhaps most surprising is that The Beatles did in 8 years what most artists cant do in a life time they impacted youth culture and became arguably the most well known artists in history.In 1956, at th e eld of 16, John Lennon started a band by the name of the Quarrymen (Schaffner 12). Playing broadly speaking in local clubs, The Quarrymen were a neighborhood band. On July 6, 1957 John Lennon would gain Paul McCartney for the first time. One of Johns band mates, Ivan Vaughan, also a mate of fifteen year old Paul McCartney, invited Paul to the St. Peters Church in Woolton, Liverpool where the Quarrymen would be playing.Introductions were made Paul picked up a guitar and John was very impressed with Paul, not only because he could play so well but because he could tune a guitar, a feat that the others had not yet mastered. A few days later while travel his bicycle, Paul ran into Pete Shotton, one of the Quarrymen. Pete told Paul that they had talked it over and John wanted Paul to join the band. After a moments contemplation, Paul replied Oh, all right (Goldman 72). John and Paul quickly became friends, and the historic song writing duo was born.Ivan Vaughn would go on to intr oduce John and Paul to George Harrison. Paul discovered that the xiv year old George knew dozens more chords than he and John arrange together (Giuliano 28). George could also pick out actual solos instead of but strumming (Goldman 75). The bands name went from Quarrymen to The Silver Beetles, and finally to the Beatles. One of Johns rock n roll heroes was Buddy Holly whose band was called the Crickets so John tried to dream up an insect name of his own. The result was Beetles, but unable to remain firm the pun, he changed Beet to Beat.Explained John, When you said it, people thought of crawly things, when you subscribe it it was beat music (Schaffner 19). Members were added and thrown out of the group eventually leaving only John, Paul, and George. On a brief outing to Hamburg, the three members would welcome a drummer by the name of Richard Starkey, later to be known as Ringo Starr. He got the name Ringo for the many rings he wore on his fingers. On January 24, 1962, the Be atles signed a management contract with Brian Epstein.

Physical Abuse Letter

Shondra Gant 91-1413 Halahua St. Kapolei, HI 96707 (123)456-7890 emailprotected com October 7, 2012 Theo Bark Writer TheBoomBox. com 770 Broadway New York, NY 10003 sexual love Mr. Bark, Your clause written on October 5, 2012 concerning the Chris Brown and Rihanna matter, writing how her father approves of their atonement is not a subject that should just be taken lightly. black bloods ar a serious matter and stating that it is okay to continue a relationship with your abuser is the wrong message to be s remainder to people, including those that be in abusive relationships and wont speak up about what they go through. Considering that 80% of girls in abusive relationships continue to be in the relationship with their abuser( Bhatti separate 7, statistic 2), ending a relationship and starting it back up again is the aforesaid(prenominal) circumstance. Writing this article IS NOT the correct message that you should be sending.That at last the people that hurt you once can ch ange and wont hurt you again, He used to hit her. He swore that it wouldnt happen again but it exactly got worse( Sparks, P. 64). 33% of teenagers do not speak up if they are being abused( Bhatti paragraph 6, statistic 3), 24% of women ages 18-35 make believent said if they were being harmed in an abusive relationship( Glamour magazine). When Rihanna spoke up about he matter, they said goodbye, at that place was a hearing, and they stopped speaking.Now these rumors of a reconciliation are bringing up memories and making this a hot topic again. And now coming out, say her father approves of this, that this event between them is just a mistake, and everyone should be forgiven once( Bark, paragraph 3). People who continue to forgive abusers realize they shouldnt have, and by writing this article this is what you are saying Just go ahead and forgive Abusive relationships are a major issue, but seeing how these are symphony professionals that people listen to and boldness up to, th is hits home much more.The children that look up to these individuals will think, well she in additionk him back I can too Do you have kids Mr. Bark? I dont, but I have 6 younger siblings, seeing your article that a family member approves of an abuser getting back together with the abused, and every other article stating they are back together IS NOT something I want my siblings thinking is satisfying in society. Thank you for your time in reading my letter on what I thought of your article. Sincerely yours, Shondra Gant

Time Value

TIME VALUE OF bullion 1. If you were memoriald to receive Rs 100,000 five socio-stinting classs hence, except you wish to betray your contract n whiz for its present a constricte by, which type of compounding would you quite a drive fundament the purchaser of your contract n hotshot to use to find the purchase hurt, 8 sh be compounded (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Continuously Quarterly Semi-annually Annually n whizz of the supra 2. correspond to the rule of 69, the doubling halt is concern to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 0. 25 + (69/ vex consider) 0. 35 + (69/ Inte recline regulate) 0. 69 + (0. 35/ Interest localize) 0. 69 + (0. 25 / Interest regulate) n ane of the former(pre zero(prenominal)inal) 3.For a bewilderor, when the frequency of compounding is change magnitude (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Additional gains increase Additional gains dwindle Additional gains argon un alter thither ar no additional gains n unity of the supra 4. break prize enkindle factor of a perpetuity represents (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Interest commit in voiceage limits Reciprocal of enliven sexual conquest in percentage names Reciprocal of sake rate in ten-fold greet Interest rate in decimal terms none of the supra 5. The present esteem of a perpetuity of one rupee when the interest rate is r percent is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 1/r 1/ r2 1/r0. 2 r2 none of the preceding(prenominal) 1 6. The present re work out upon of an rente due is reach to the present treasure of a fixing annuity multiplied by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) r (1 + r) 1/r r(1 + r) no(prenominal) of the supra 7. Recurring deposit in a aver is a typical example of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Deferred annuity Annuity due rhythmic annuity Compound annuity no(prenominal) of the in a higher place 8. Deposits in a change posture investment trust is an example of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Deferred annuity Annuity due Regular annuity all a or c no(prenominal) of the supra 9. In a bestow amortisation schedule, as the number of years increases (a) (b) c) (d) (e) The interest make out increases The lede repayment amount increases The annual installment amount decreases two a and c none of the preceding(prenominal) come across 1 (d) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (a) 6 (b) 7 (b) 8 (d) 9 (a) 2 VALUATION OF STOCKS AND BONDS 1. The annual interest on a chemical attachment in similarity to its prevailing grocery store impairment is called its (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) voucher rate Promised pass underway yield Yield to maturity no(prenominal) of the in a higher place 2. congenital rate of harvest on a bond investment is its (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Current yield Yield to maturity Holding halt redeem Realised yield no(prenominal) of the in a higher place . The unending- resto symmetryn dividend give the sack nonplus volition non produce a finite mensurate if the dividend crop rate is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Above its historical total Be lowly its historical mediocre Above the trade large(p)isation rate Below the marketplace enceinteisation rate no(prenominal) of the supra 4. For any(prenominal) given stock, which of the quest essential be certain? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) commercialize think of ? decl ar measure out ? par entertain withstand c be for ? market measure ? par lever hit order ? market value ? book value Par value = book value ? market value no(prenominal) of the supra must be true 5.Limited growth prospects atomic number 18 indicated by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) mellowed dividend High P/E relativeity Low dividend High dividend and low P/E proportion none of the higher up 3 6. essayier stocks earn (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) high P/E multiple Lower P/E multiple Higher variance (b) and (c) no(prenominal) of the supra 7. Which of the pursuance is non true? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Earnings-price proportionality is pair to r when PVGO is home in Earnings-price dimension is little than r when PVGO is positive Earnings-price ratio is slight than r when PVGO i s negatively charged Earnings-price ratio is much than r when PVGO is negative none of the in a higher place 8.An increase in the market value of a association indicates (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) make up in lettuceability Increase in r take downues Increase in future prospects every the supra none of the higher up 9. Intrinsic value of a protective cover is its (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) DCF value Book value Real value marketplace detonatorization value no(prenominal) of the in a higher place 10. Which one of the undermentioned(a) is non a major driver of growth? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Sales growth ratio Ploughback ratio Return on justice all(prenominal) the to a higher place none of the in a higher place 11. In the case of stocks with debase P/E multiples (a) Liquidity is low (b) take redeem is high (c) encounter is high 4 d) altogether the preceding(prenominal) (e) none of the higher up 12. All trades on NSE are guaranteed by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) SEBI NSDL NSCC CDSL n one of the in a higher place 13. In respect of the sample shares, sensex reflects the movement of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) bonny total market value of the floating stocks mediocre market value of the floating stocks quantifys a fixed multiple Average roofisation of the furnishd and paid up stocks Average aggregate market value of the bid stocks none of the preceding(prenominal) Formatted Font gloss Auto Formatted Font color Auto Formatted Font color Auto 14.The book value of a trustworthy? s paleness is nonhing but the book value of its assets minus the book value of its liabilities a. line up b. faux 15. food market value of a watertight has to be at least equal to its (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Book value bills and believe balance Net asset value Lowest of the supra no(prenominal) of the to a higher place 16. Intrinsic value of a gage is its (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) market value Book value Economic value Re sales agreement value none of the preceding(prenominal) 5 KEY 1 (c) 12 (c) 2 (b) 13 (a) 3 (c) 14(a) 4 (e) 15(e) 5 (d) 16(c) 6 (d) 7 (c) 8 (e ) 9 (a) 10 (a) 11 (d) 6 peril AND issue 1.Variance testament everlastingly be (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Positive Negative variable star Very high no(prenominal) of the to a higher place 2. A normal distribution is completely characterised by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Expected number and example deviation Required return and variance Expected return and run Standard return and evaluate variance no(prenominal) of the to a higher place 3. If a variable is commonly distributed what percentage of the set fall within a band of one standard deviation on either side of the arithmetic mean. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 95. 4 percent 68. 3 percent 99. 7 percent 57. 5 percent no(prenominal) of the above 4.If a variable is normally distributed what percentage of determine will fall within a band of three standard deviations on either side of the arithmetic mean? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 95. 4 percent 68. 3 percent 99. 7 percent 57. 5 percent none of the above 5. Which of the pursual is true? (a) (b) (c) (d) The geometric mean is eternally less than the arithmetic mean The geometric mean is al miens greater than the arithmetic mean The geometric mean and the arithmetic mean are always the same The geometric mean is always less than the arithmetic mean, excerpt when all the return set being considered are equal (e) none of the above 7 . When the probability distribution of rate of return of a security is defined, the possible outcomes (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Should be mutually exclusive Should be together with exhaustive Should non add to to a greater extent than 1 All the above none of the above 7. Preparing the probability distribution of rate of return of a security is (a) An objective exercise base on the prevailing market conditions (b) An objective exercise based on the retiring(a) history of the securities surgical operation (c) An objective exercise based on the future prospects of the security. d) A essential exercise (e) no(prenominal) of the above 8. part analysing the returns of a security based on a continuous probability distribution, probabilities are assigned to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) single points on the curve Intervals amid two points on the curve The incline amid any two referenced points on the curve every b or c none of the above 9. Diversification eliminates luck if returns are (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Not perfectly positively check Perfectly positively correlated Perfectly negatively correlated All the above no(prenominal) of the above 10.If the return on a security is negatively correlated with the market return, its beta is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) slight than zero Less than one but more than zero More than one Independent of the market return no(prenominal) of the above 8 11. To judge ascribeworthiness of firms, leading international grade firms use debt ratios expressed in (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Market determine Book values Real values Discounted values No ne of the above 12. A antisubmarine stock is characterised by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Negative beta Positive beta less than one Positive beta more than one Beta equal to one None of the above 3. When you want to know the central disposal of a series of returns, the arithmetic mean is the appropriate measure a. rightful(a) b. dour 14. For a given series of returns geometric mean is always greater than the Arithmetic mean b. square b. fancied 15. Business jeopardize of image of a firm (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Is the try of the firm without pecuniary leverage Depends on cyclicality of revenues Depends on ope rate leverage All the above None of the above 16. Debt rating firms such as Standard & low? and Moody? s use debt ratios expressed in market values to judge cite worthiness a. True b. counterfeit KEY 1 (a) 12 (b) 2 (a) 13(a) 3 (b) 14(b) 4 (c) 15(d) 5 (d) 16(b) 9 6 (d) 7 (d) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (a) 11 (b) TECHNIQUES OF bang-up BUDGETING 1. As discount rate increases, NPV of a eas y stand out (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Increases at a decreasing rate Decreases at an increasing rate Decreases at a decreasing rate Decreases at a mantrap rate None of the above 2.When conviction-varying discount pass judgment are involved the suitable investment criterion is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) NPV IRR MIRR Discounted render Back Period None of the above 3. If initial investment is Rs. 10 one million million million and NBCR is 0. 2, the NPV is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Rs. 50 million Rs. 2 million Rs. 8 million Rs. 5 million None of the above 4. IRR is unreliable for ranking lying-ins when (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) deportment of the contrives are long Projects have different patterns of change flow Projects have decreasing coin flows Both a and c None of the above . If you do non know the discount rate for a calculate, the amend investment criterion to be used will be (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) IRR MIRR NPV BCR None of the above 10 6. The IRR of a metropolis investment (a) deepens when the mo concludingary value of expectant changes (b) Is equal to annual change flows divided by the project? s court when the cash flows are an annuity (c) Is similar to the yield to maturity on a bond (d) Must exceed the bell of chief city in narrate for the firm to accept the investment (e) Both b and d are true (f) Both c and d are true 7.The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) is superior to the unbroken IRR because (a) MIRR modifies IRR to reflect project risk (b) While IRR whitethorn be negative, MIRR back tooth never be negative (c) MIRR sequesters that project cash flows are reinvested at the be of keen whereas the regular IRR assumes that the project cash flows are reinvested at the project? s own IRR (d) The problem of multiple pass judgment does non make it with MIRR (e) c and d (f) b, c, and d 8. When a firm takes on a new project with a positive NPV, it will inevitably increase the value of the firm. . True b. off 9. The NPV rule assumes that the interme diate cash flows of a project are reinvested at a rate equal to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The constitute of capital The cost of integrity The internal rate of return The live yield None of the above 10. The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) is superior to the regular IRR because (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) It assumes that project cash flows are reinvested at the cost of capital Reinvestment cost of capital is more veritableistic It is non a subjective measure two a and b None of the above 1 11. Which of the following is true (a) IRR rule assumes that intermediate cash flows are reinvested at the cost of capital (b) The IRR rule can non distinguish between change and borrowing (c) IRR is difficult to apply when short-term interest rank from long-term interest rates (d) IRR cannot be used when the cost of capital is not known (e) None of the above KEY 1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (f) 7 (e) 8 (b) 9 (a) 10 (d) 11 (b) 12 PROJECT CASH FLOWS 1.Which one of the following may not be loo sely relevant in establishing the epoch scene for cash flow abstract? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) investing planning horizon of the firm Physical spirit of the instal Technological support of the plant Product market heart of the plant None of the above 2. While defining the cash flows on the investment side, interest cost is not considered because (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) It is a proxy to the rate of return Historical interest rates have no relevance It is implicated in the cost of capital Both b and c None of the above . All stakeary cause of a project on the rest of the firm should be considered while estimating project cash flows because (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) It may have a complemental blood with the live activities It may have a competitive consanguinity with the active activities It may have a supplementary relationship with the existing activities Both a and b None of the above 4.The cost created for the rest of the firm as a consequence of undertaking a project is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The bon ton canted average cost of capital The marginal cost of capital The project weighted average cost of capital An hazard cost None of the above 5. For purposes of investment abridgment, what fields is (a) (b) (c) (d) all overhead costs allocated to the project Incremental operating cost costs attributable to the project heavy average overhead costs attributable to the project Projected average overhead costs attributable to the project 13 (e) None of the above 6.Which of the following may not generally result in underestimation of project cash flows? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Ignoring intangible benefits Under estimation of salvage values com spellding the value of future options Under estimation of project cost of capital None of the above 7. Product cannibalisation involves (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) wearing of sales of an existing harvesting due to own new product Erosion of sales of an existing product due to an own older product Erosion of sales due to a compet itor? s existing product Erosion of sales due to a competitor? new product None of the above 8. Which one of the following is a sunk cost (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) R & D expenditure not leading to a product antecedent survey expenses before setting up the plant Sponsorship expenses of Indian play team Contribution to Prime Ministers Relief Fund None of the above 9. In the support side of a project, explicit funds include (k) Trade creditors (l) Bank overdraft (m) Provision for income measure (n) Provision for proposed dividend (o) None of the above KEY 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (d) 5 (b) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (b) 14 RISK ANALYSIS IN CAPITAL BUDGETING 1.While evaluating the risk of a project, an undiversified shareholder is more concerned almost (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Stand-alone risk Corporate risk Market risk All the above None of the above 2. In which of the following, values of a set of variables are varied concurrently by condition values? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Scenario synopsis Sensitivit y analytic thinking Simulation psycho summary determination tree analysis None of the above 3. In which of the following, correlation coefficients between variables are to be handled properly? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Scenario analysis Sensitivity analysis Simulation analysis Decision tree analysis None of the above 4.A dismantle price (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Increases potential demand Decreases the break-even level Increases the break-even level Both a and c None of the above 5. Which one of the following is the best way of incorporating risk in the decision process? (a) (b) (c) (d) Certainty alike concede back detail requirement Risk-adjusted discount rate Judgmental evaluation 15 (e) None of the above 6. financial break even occurs at the point of time when the (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Firm starts making operating profits hive away losses are wiped off constitute value of investment becomes zero Cash flows become steady None of the above . Randomly selected values are used in (a) (b ) (c) (d) (e) Sensitivity analysis Break even analysis Decision tree analysis Simulation analysis None of the above rate 8. The NPV of a simple project decreases at a constant quantity rate as the discount increases. a. True b. False 9. When the cash flows of a project are perfectly correlated, the standard deviation of the NPV is n (a) ? t=1 A _____ I ( 1+ i)t ? t _____ I ( 1+ i)t ? t _____ ( 1+ i)t 1/2 n (b) ? t=1 n (c) ? t=1 n (d) ? t=1 ? _____ (1+ i)2t 2 t (e) None of the above 16 10.An investor for whom the certainty great power is less than the judge value, is (p) (q) (r) (s) (t) Risk loving Risk averse Risk neutral Risk allergic None of the above KEY 1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (b) 17 THE COST OF CAPITAL 1. Which of the following is not reflected in the company cost of capital? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Rate of return expected on a proposed investment Business risk of the existing assets Risk of the existing capital structure All the above None of t he above 2. A firm has an existing vernacular bring contracted at 10 percent a year back.The bank has since reduced the kick ining rates and the company, if it wants, can raise a fresh loan from the bank at 9 percent. While determining the WACC, the cost of bank loan for the company would be (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 10 percent 9 percent Weighted average of the old and new bank interest rates every b or c None of the above 3. The correct cost of debt to be used in calculation of the average cost of capital is the (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Marginal cost of debt Yield to maturity Average cost of debt Either a or b None of the above 4.Cost of carry earning is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Nil Nearly equal to cost of depreciation Nearly equal to cost of legality Nearly equal to average cost of debt None of the above 5. In determining cost of capital using alinement yield plus risk superior approach? the risk aid is set at (a) 2 % of the bond yield (b) 4 % of the bond yield (c) 1% of the bond yield if the latter is more than 12 % 18 (d) Both a and c (e) None of the above 6. The headway merit of using book value proportions to calculate WACC is that (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) It is unsophisticated It is simple It is more realistic It is based on audited figures None of the above . For a given capital structure, the levels of total new backing at which the cost of the new components would change is called (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Turning points Breaking points Inversion points Relevant points None of the above 8. When the marginal cost of capital is the same for two projects and there are no funds constraints, you will select (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Project with the shorter payback stream Project with the higher IRR Both the projects if NPVs are positive preferably project with higher IRR and higher NPV None of the above 9.Which of the following conditions should be satisfied for using WACC for evaluating new investments? (a) The risk of new investments is the same as the average risk of e xisting investments (b) The cost of equity is greater than the cost of debt (c) The capital structure of the firm will not be impinge oned by the new investments (d) a and c (e) None of the above 19 10. The risk-adjusted discount rate rule assumes that the risk increases with time at (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) change magnitude rate A constant rate Decreasing rate A random rate None of the aboveKEY 1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (e) 6 (b) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10 (b) 20 CAPITAL BUDGETING EXTENSIONS 1. General Electric? s stoplight Matrix is used for (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Resource allocation Identification of worthwhile projects Abandoning useless projects Scaling up corporate susceptibility None of the above 2. Which of the following conditions must be satisfied by a capital calculate to be meaningful and viable? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) It must be compatible with the resources of the firm It must be controllable It must be endorsed by administrator management All the above None of the above . A co mpany? s debt equity ratio is 11. It proposes to undertake an aerodrome project with proposed debt equity ratio of 31. The discount rate that should be utilise to the project should be (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Weighted average cost of debt Marginal cost of debt Incremental discount rate Adjusted discount rate None of the above 4. Which of the following are options embedded in real life projects? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Incremental option Flexibility option Abandment option All the above None of the above 5. Which of the following may not result in positive NPV projects? a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Marketing reach Government policy Customer cornucopia Product differentiation None of the above 21 6. Which of the following is a necessary condition to ensure success in personal line of credit strategies? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) experience Vision of the leader Rigorous analysis Sponsorship None of the above 7. In determining the adjusted present value, tax shields on pay opinions are discounted at (a) (b ) (c) (d) (e) Opportunity cost of equity Marginal cost of debt Weighted average cost of debt Average of a and b None of the aboveKEY 1 (a) 2 (d) 3 (d) 4 (d) 5 (c) 6 (c) 7 (b) 22 MARKET EFFICIENCY AND financing DECISIONS 1. in that location will be no concern about transfer of riches from existing to new shareholders if new securities are discernd (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) above market price at market price at par by book building mode None of the above 2. Market efficiency implies that (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Errors in the market prices are biased Market price equals natural value damage deviations cannot be predicted It is not possible to identify over and under-valued stocks None of the above 3.Market efficiency exists because (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Portfolio managers are doing their job well at that place is keen competition among market participants late information cannot be predicted in advance All the above None of the above 4. Returns over horizons of a few weeks or months would be positively correlated because of the action of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) racquet traders Arbitrageurs Speculators Both a and b None of the above 5. Which of the following is a calendar anomaly? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Week end effect January effect figure effect Both a and b None of the above 23 6.Serial correlation tests, run tests and filter rules tests have been commonly utilize to verify (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Strong form of in effect(p) market hypothesis Semi- beardown(prenominal) form of efficient market hypothesis Weak form of efficient market hypothesis Both a and b None of the above 7. In an efficient market, the market price of a security is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) An unbiased predictor of its intrinsic value An unbiased estimate of its intrinsic value A logical mean of the market participants? expectations The expected value of a normal distribution None of the above 8.Study of market efficiency teaches corporates that (a) Manipulation of earnings does not pay (b) It is serviceou s to acquiring even debt rather than equity (c) The objective of corporate finance should be to maximise the market value of the firm in due course (d) Equity emergences should not be deferred because the stock price was significantly low in late(a) tips (e) None of the above 9. In an efficient market, an unbiased estimate of the intrinsic value of a security can be obtained from its (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Market value Book value Cash value Capital value None of the above 0. According to Efficient Market Theory, price changes cannot be judge since (a) Inflation cannot be predicted with any acceptable degree of accuracy (b) New information cannot be predicted in advance. (c) Insiders and other vested interest groups will not allow the market to become efficient (d) All the above (e) None of the above 24 11. Though elegant in theory, bulk of the results of trial-and-error studies have failed to support Efficient Market Hypothesis a. True b. False 12.A puzzling calendar anomaly is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The Mid Summer launch The Easter Effect The January Effect The March Effect None of the above 13. Noise trade is always supported by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Efficient Market Hypothesis Rational expectations theory Technical analysis Fundamental analysis None of the above KEY 1(b) 2 (e) 3 (d) 4 (d) 5 (d) 6 (c) 7 (b) 8 (a) 9(a) 10(b) 11(b) 12(c) 13(e) 25 SOURCES OF LONG-TERM FINANCE 1. As per police the issue price of a share cannot be (a) Less than the par value (b) Less than the issue price of any preceding normal offer. c) More than twenty times the average P/E multiple for the past years. (d) More than 20 times the book value (e) None of the above 2. When a company? s wage profit doubles, that has to result in (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Increase in market value Increase in book value Decrease in cost of equity Both a and b None of the above three 3. Which one of the following is known not to have any effect on the market price of stocks? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Current ea rnings Growth prospects Risk gild size None of the above 4. Which one of the following is generally beliefed with skepticism by the stock market? a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Debenture issue Equity issue Soliciting familiar deposits Not declaring large dividends None of the above 5. If you are the chief operating officer of a company, which one of the following will you decide to skip in a lean year? (a) (b) (c) (d) Declaring tasting dividend Declaring equity dividend Declaring bonus issue Putting on hold new projects 26 (e) None of the above 6. The par value of an equity share is the value (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) As verbalise in the memorandum The price at which it is issued The price at which it will be repurchased Both a and c None of the above . The income on which the equity holders have a residual claim is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) put on subsequently tax Profit afterward tax plus equity dividend Profit after tax less equity dividend Profit after tax less preferred dividend None of the a bove 8. When the financial execution of instrument of a company is impressive, the board of directors, if they so wish, can (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Refuse to pay equity dividend Cannot refuse to pay equity dividend without shareholders? approval Refuse to pay sense of taste dividend Both b and c None of the above 9.Issue expenses are the least in the case of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) humanity issue of equity Public issue of debentures Rights issue Private office None of the above 10. According to CAPM, sacking in for debt financing (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Decreases the cost of equity Increases the cost of equity Does not affect the cost of equity Either a or c None of the above 27 KEY 1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (e) 4 (b) 5 (d) 6 (a) 7 (d) 8 (a) 9 (c) 10 (b) 28 RAISING LONG TERM FINANCE 1. initial offering refers to the branch issue of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Equity Debentures Preference shares Either a or b None of the above . The first option to acquire the equity investment held by a VC is typically give to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The public The promoters of the VC fund The associates of the VC fund The promoters of the assisted firm None of the above 3. A rights issue generally tends to result in (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Increase in return on equity Decrease in earnings per share Decrease in return on investments Increase in earnings per share None of the above 4. In which of the following the identity of investors is generally known at the time of approval of shareholder approval itself? a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Private placement discriminative parceling Convertible debentures GDR None of the above 5. Lead manager of a public issue can be likened to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) master of ceremonies best man in a wedding conductor of an opera producer of a movie None of the above 29 6. Which one of the following is not a potential advantage that prods a company to go public? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Accountability Respectability Investor recognition Liquidity None of the above 7. complicated application form sent along with garner of offer of a rights issue includes (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) a form showing the number of rights shares the shareholder is authorise to a form through which rights can be renounced in choose of roughone a form for rejecting the offer both a and b None of the above 8. Wealth of an existing shareholder per se is not affected by the right offering if he (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) sells the rights does not recruit in the right exercises the rights partially both a and b None of the above 9.Before a company makes a preferential allotment (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) it must pass a peculiar(a) resolution obtain special approval under section 81(1A) from government both a and b either a or b None of the above 10. Dilution of proportional ownership can be nullifyed by making (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) private placement debenture issue a rights issue either b or c None of the above 11. Book building is used to sponsor in better (a) Price discovery (b) Retail participation 30 (c) Institut ional participation (d) Investor communication (e) None of the above 12. In any IPO, there is infusion of capital in the company a.True b. False 13. Who among the following is not an eligible QIB? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) State Industrial Development Corporations usual Funds Scheduled commercial banks Foreign institutional investors registered with SEBI None of the above 14. If a company? s project has not been appraised by financial institutions or scheduled commercial banks, it is not eligible for an IPO a. True b. False 15. Retail investors cannot change their bids during the bidding process in (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) cut auction Book building Commodity auction All the above None of the above 16.In a preferential allotment of shares, the lock-in period is applicable to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 17. QIPs (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Fetch a hefty price Entail minimum cost Can be completed very quickly All the above None of the above The appraising bank FII Lead music director of the investment bank . The promoters None of the above 31 18. To get an anchor investor you should look among (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) QIBs QIPs FIIs HNIs None of the above 19. The focus area for an Investment Bank is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Investment moneymaking(prenominal) banking Merchant banking All the above None of the above 0. In India, a trader who performs market-making function for a security is not permitted to direct in proprietary trading function in the same security a. True b. False KEY 1 (a) 12(b) 2 (d) 13(e) 3 (b) 14(a) 4 (b) 15(a) 5 (c) 16(d) 6 (a) 17(d) 7 (d) 18(a) 8 (a) 19(c) 9 (d) 20(b) 10 (d) 11 (a) 32 CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND FIRM VALUE 1. According to engagement operating income approach increase in leverage will affect (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) cost of debt cost of equity overall capitalisation rate both a and b None of the above . According to net income approach, as leverage decreases (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) average cost of capital decreases average cost of capital increases cost of debt incre ases cost of equity decreases None of the above 3. According to the Merton miller argument, the original MM trace which says that financial leverage does not matter in a tax-free world (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) is legitimate in a world where both corporate and personal taxes exist is not thinked in a world where both corporate and personal taxes exist is valid n a world where the corporates are exempt from taxes is valid in a world where corporate taxes exist but no personal taxes exist None of the above 4. Which one of the following statements is true? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Net operating income approach and MM? s first pro gravel are identical Net income approach and MM? s second proposition are identical Net operating income approach and handed-down approach are identical Net income approach and MM? s first proposition are identical None of the above 5. ane of the assumptions underlying the MM proposition is that firms can be grouped into equivalent risk classes based on their (a) ( b) (c) (d) (e) systematic risk financial risk business risk both a and b None of the above 33 6. According to the signaling theory of capital structure, the pecking order of financing is as follows (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) External equity finance, debt finance and internal finance Internal finance, external equity finance and debt finance Debt finance, external equity finance and internal finance Retained earnings, debt finance and external equity finance None of the above . According to Myers, the pecking order of financing can be fully explained if there is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) a bilateral information and divergent expectations homogeneous expectations and symmetric information rational expectations reasonable expectations None of the above 8. According to the net operating income approach, the overall capitalisation rate and the cost of debt remain constant for all degrees of leverage a. True b. False 9. According to the rational expectations hypothesis, what matters in economics is t he congruence between what actually happens and what was supposed to happen. . True b. False 10. According to the net income approach, the average cost of capital remain constant for all levels of financial leverage. a. True b. False 11. The relationship between the return on equity ( roe), return on investment (ROI), cost of debt (r), debt-equity ratio (D/E), and tax rate (t) is as follow (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) ROE = ROI +(ROI r) D/E (1-t) ROE = ROI (ROI r) D/E (1-t) ROE = ROI +(ROI + r) D/E (1-t) ROE = ROI +( r- ROI ) D/E (1-t) None of the above 34KEY 1 (b) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (a) 9 (b) 10 (b) 11 (a) 35 CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISIONS 1. Financial risk is minimum in (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) debt issue IPO rights equity issue both b and c None of the above 2. Financial slack off is more valuable to a firm with (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) little growth opportunities more intangible assets high liquidity less intangible assets None of the above 3. A powerful defence against ban kruptcy is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) flexibility higher growth expansion modernisation None of the above 4.A company should avoid financial hype in an efficient market because of the dominant agency of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) SEBI lead steers aggressive investors right investors None of the above 5. Which of the following is an verificatory cost of bankruptcy? (a) Due to myopia, managers may sacrifice actions to build value in the long run (b) Legal and administrative costs are quite high (c) Arguments between shareholders and creditors delay the liquidation of assets (d) If assets are re-sentencing under put outed conditions, they may fetch a price significantly less than their economic value 36 e) None of the above 6. faded commitment of employees, customers, suppliers, distributors, and other stakeholders is a direct cost of financial distress a. True b. False 7. Creditors face the problem of moral hazard when they lend to a firm that has a large outstanding debt in relation to the value of its assets. a. True b. False 8. The tradeoff theory explains satisfactorily wherefore profitable firms like Hindustan Lever depend so little on debt. a. True b. False 9.According to the rational expectations hypothesis what matters in economics is what was rationally expected to happen a. True b. False KEY 1 (d) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (b) 7 (b) 8 (b) 9 (b) 37 DIVIDEND POLICY AND FIRM VALUE 1. Walter model assumes that for financing future investments, a firm will rely only on (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) debentures term loans retained earnings external equity None of the above 2. Value of a firm check to MM depends solely on its (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) equity borrowing capacity earning power dividend payout ratio None of the above 3.As per Gordon model when the rate of return is less than the discount rate, as the dividend payout ratio increases, price per share (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) increases decreases remains unchanged at first increases and then decreases None of the above 4. Rad icalists support (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) low dividend payout high dividend payout steady dividend payout stock splits None of the above 5. According to the Walter model, the price of a share is equal to D k (E-D) r/k -k (a) + 38 (c) D -k _ (E-D) r/k -k (E +D) r/k -k (c) D k + (d) D -k + E-D)r/k k (e) None of the above 6. According to the traditional position on the impact of dividend policy on the firm value, the firm value is positively influenced by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) A liberal payout policy A conservative payout policy Slow but steady increase in dividends Higher retention ratio None of the above 7. MM? s view on dividend policy and firm value is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Traditional Radical academic Subjective None of the above KEY 1 (c) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (a) 6 (a) 7 (c) 39 DIVIDEND DECISION 1. Which one of the following is not a plausible reason for paying dividends? a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Investor preference for dividends Information signaling Temporary excess cash Clientele effect None of the above 2. According to the Lintner? s model of corporate dividend behaviour, the current dividend can be explained (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) as a weighted average of past earnings in terms of current earnings and previous year dividend solely in terms of previous year dividend both a and b None of the above 3. Dividend declaration is usually made in (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) board meeting annual general meeting special shareholder meeting b or c None of the above . subsidy shares can be issued out of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) revaluation reserve share premium placid in cash excess cash balance accounts receivable None of the above 5. In a stock-split (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) earnings are capitalised EPS remains unchanged book value declines both a and c None of the above 40 6. Which of the following can be a inducement for share buy backs? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Price stability Idle cash taxation advantage All the above None of the above 7. The post-buyback debt-equity ratio of company should not exceed (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 2 . 1 1. 33 1 1. 0 1 1. 0 2 None of the above 8. According to whole meal flour and Dodd the weight machine-accessible by the market to dividends is equal to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) five time the weight attached to retained earnings four times the weight attached to retained earnings three times the weight attached to retained earnings half the weight attached to profit after tax None of the above 9. According to the Lintner model (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Dt Dt-1 = c ( r EPSt Dt-1 ) Dt Dt-1 = c ( Dt1 r EPSt ) Dt = Dt-1 + c ( EPSt r Dt-1) Dt = r Dt-1 None of the above 10.According to John Lintner, managers are concerned more about the absolute level of dividend than the change in dividend. a. True b. False 11. quarrel bonds are bonds that have a credit rating of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) BBB or lower BB or lower B or lower C or lower None of the above 41 12. In which stage of the dividend life bout, informational asymmetry is moderate? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Dec line Rapid growth Infancy maturity date None of the above 13. A share buyback programme effectively (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Decreases the EPS Decreases the P/E ratio Increases the share price All the above None of the above 4. As per SEBI guidelines, buyback of shares can be make through the Dutch auction route b. True b. False KEY 1 (c) 12(b) 2 (d) 13(b) 3 (a) 14(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 10 (b) 11 (b) 42 WORKING CAPITAL POLICY 1. Which portion of total capital generates most of the profits? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) dogged assets Investments Working capital Paid-up capital None of the above 2. Which one of the following is not part of operative capital? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Inventory Receivables Instalments of term loans due within the next twelve months Investments None of the above . The life span of current assets does not depend on (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Sales achievement Maintenance Synchronisation among them None of the above 4. The working(a) capital inescapably of a firm are not influenced by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Nature of business Seasonality of operations Production policy Market conditions None of the above 5. A firm that manages with a small amount of schedule is said to be following a (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Aggressive policy Conservative policy antiaircraft policy Survival policy None of the above 43 6. To be consistent with the The Matching Principle? fluctuating current assets must be supported by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Equity Debentures Short-term bank borrowings Long- term bank borrowings None of the above 7. A negative cash cycle for a company necessarily implies (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) scurvy management of credit sales Poor management of receivables Poor management of trade creditors Poor management of profitability None of the above 8. Which one of the following typically needs the least working capital? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) A tea plantation A hotel A construction company A departmental store None of the above . Which one of the following will decrease the length of the cash cycle? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Increase in inventory period Increase in accounts receivable period Increase in accounts payable period Decrease in accounts payable period None of the above 10. If you subtract net working capital from gross working capital, you will get (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Current assets Current liabilities Fixed assets Net profit None of the above KEY 1 (e) 2 (d) 3 (c) 4 (e) 5 (a) 6 (c) 7 (e) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (b) 44 CASH AND LIQUIDITY focus 1.The principal tool of cash management is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Short-term cash forecasting maximizing daily ingatherings Maximising the payment slack Obtention of fine rates None of the above 2. In cash forecasting, which one of the following analysis is generally used? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Sensitivity analysis Scenario analysis Simulation analysis Decision tree analysis None of the above 3. The method that is generally used for long-term cash forecasting is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Adjusted net income method Adjusted receipt and payment method Average income and expenditure method Cash deficit gap method None of the above . Which of the following, according to Keynes, is not a cause for holding cash (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) spoilt motive Psychological motive Precautionary motive Transaction motive None of the above 5. Float is the variety between (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) useable balance and the volume balance Available balance and the amount yet to be collected Total in stock(predicate) balance and the bank balance Total available balance and the balance in hand None of the above 45 6.Net float is (a) (b) (c) (d) The difference between disbursement float and collection float The sum of disbursement float and collection float The difference of the available balance and balance on hand Either a or c 7. Which of the following is the most important criterion for evaluating different investment instruments? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Safety Yield Liquidity All the above None of the above 8. The most normal mutual fund schemes for investing short- term surpluses are (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Equity schemes Balanced schemes Debt schemes Hybrid schemes None of the above 9. commercialized paper is a (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Secured bill of telephone commuting Unsecured bill of exchange Secured promissory note Unsecured promissory note None of the above 10. Which one of the following is secured in nature? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Certificate of deposit Commercial paper Treasury bill Ready forward None of the above KEY 1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (b) 7 (d) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10 (d) 46 CREDIT focusing 1. Most commonly, the trade cycle for a business is financed partly by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The sellers The buyers The financiers All the above None of the above 2. A bill of exchange contains a (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) savourless ndertaking to pay Conditional undertaking to pay Unconditional order to pay Conditional order to pay None of the above 3. The beneficiary of a letter of credit is (a) (b) (c ) (d) (e) The seller The buyer The financing bank Either a or b None of the above 4. Which one of the following is not literally part of the five C? s of credit (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Capital Character Capability Collateral None of the above 5. In sequential analysis of creditworthiness, which one of the following should be your starting point? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Capital Character Collateral General economic conditions None of the above 7 6. The measure not commonly sedulous for judging whether accounts receivables are in control is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Ageing schedule Average collection period Bad debt losses Interest collected on delayed payments None of the above 7. In a consignment sale (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The title of the goods is with the consignor The title of the good is with the consignee Consignee is an agent of the consignor Both a and c None of the above 8. In type II error (a) A bad customer is misclassified as a good credit risk. (b) A good customer is misclassified as a poor credit risk (c) None of the above 9.Under the DSO method, if the value of DSO exceeds the contract norm (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Collections are considered to be fast Collections are considered to be muted Collections are considered to be satis factory Collections are considered to be average None of the above KEY 1 (d) 2 (c) 3 (a) 4 (c) 5 (b) 6 (d) 7 (d) 8 (a) 9 (d) 48 INENTORY MANAGEMENT 1. Maintaining organisation inventories is not for (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Reducing the time required for the process Widening the latitude in planning and scheduling successive operations Decoupling the purchasing and production activities to some extent Both b and c None of the above . Which one of the following is not the most commonly used tool of inventory management in India? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Just- in-time inventory control ABC analysis FSN analysis Inventory turnover analysis None of the above 3. ABC analysis advocates a selective approach to inventory control with concentration on (a) (b ) (c) (d) (e) Items accountancy for the bulk of usage by usage quantity Items accounting for the bulk of usage by usage value The process time related to high value inventory All the above None of the above 4.Which one of the following is not an assumption in the introductory EOQ model? (a) The cost of carrying is a fixed percentage of the average value of inventory (b) The cost per order is constant regardless of the size of the order (c) The interval between ordering and receiving goods is constant (d) The usage is even passim the period (e) None of the above 5. Fixed manufacturing overheads are treated as period costs under (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Direct cost Absorption costing Indirect costing Variable costing None of the above 49 6.JIT inventory system requires (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Strong and dependable relationship with suppliers Reliable out-migration system Either a or b Both a and b None of the above KEY 1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (a) 6 (d) 50 WORKING CAPITAL FINANCING 1. Acc ruals are treated as part of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Spontaneous financing Regular financing Long- term financing Internal accrual None of the above 2. Which one of the following is the most harmful factor in getting trade credit? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Poor earning record Broken promises Unrealistic plans Poor market share None of the above . A firm typically should (a) Delay the payment till the last daylight of the net period (b) Delay the payment if possible beyond the net period (c) Avail of the discount for prompt payment in the middle of the discount period (d) Avail of the discount for prompt payment on the last day of the discount period (e) None of the above 4. Which one of the following is not a means of obtaining working capital finance? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Overdraft Discounting of bills Letter of credit All the above None of the above . In a letter of credit arrangement (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Bank assumes the risk Bank supplies the credit Suppliers assume the risk Both a and b N one of the above 51 6. In cash credit, the responsibility of cash management lies with (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The bank The customer The creditors Both b and c None of the above 7. Which one of the following is typically a demerit of public deposits, for an investor (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Interest rate due date period Tax exemption Restrictive contracts None of the above . Inter-corporate deposit market is charecterised by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Secrecy Lack of regulations Personal contacts All the above None of the above 9. RBI imposes certain conditions on the terms of issue of a commercial paper because it is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Issued for a short term Issued at a discount to the face value Unsecured Issued for raising working capital None of the above KEY 1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (d) 4 (d) 5 (a) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (c) 52 WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT EXTENSIONS 1.In a MRP system, the master schedule is exploded into (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) procure order for raw materials Shop orders for scheduling the factory Time bound orders for purchase of balancing equipments Both a and b None of the above 2. In which of the following, inventory is treated as the adjudicate of all evil (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Kaizan Kanban JIT Both b and c None of the above KEY 1 (d) 2 (c) 53 DEBT AND HYBRID FINANCING 1. Market price of a coupon bond is independent of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Maturity period Coupon rate Required rate of return Inflation rate None of the above . Which one of the following can affect real interest rate (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Expected higher inflation Tax law changes Heightened competition for funds Both b and c None of the above 3. A debt rating is not a (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) General evaluation of the issuing organisation upbraiding on the timely payment of interest Reflection on the timely payment of principal Recommendation for purchasing a security None of the above 4. Which one of the following is true? a) A debt rating implies that the rating agency performs an audit function (b) A d ebt rating offers low- cost information (c) A debt rating creates a fiduciary relationship between the rating agency and the users of a rating (d) Both a and b (e) None of the above 5. Which type of firms would do well to integrated sinking fund provisions in their debt issuances? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Firms with higher debt equity ratio Firms with higher growth rates Firms with smaller asset lives All the above None of the above 54 6.To tackle inflation risk, you will go for (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Deep discount bonds Fixed rate bonds Floating rate bonds opposite floaters None of the above 7. If you are called to fund an airport project, you would prefer to go for (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) deep discount bonds floating rate bonds puttable bonds term loans None of the above 8. Pass Through Securities are serviced from the (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) proceeds of sale of a pool of assets cash flows received from a pool of assets proceeds of a public issue proceeds of a debenture issue for this purpose None of the above . Which one of the following is not a negative covenant in a bond issue? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The firm may not dispose or lease its major assets The firm cannot merge with another(prenominal) firm The firm cannot go in for capacity enhancement The firm cannot acquire another firm None of the above 10. When inflation is expected to rise in the coming decade, as a bond issuer, you will prefer to issue (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Fixed rate bonds Floating rate bonds due bonds Puttable bonds None of the above 55 11.Reinvestment risk for a bond refers to the risk that the periodic interest payment may have to be reinvested at (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) A lower interest rate A higher interest rate A risk-free rate (a) and (c) None of the above 12. For a zero coupon bond (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Duration is zero Duration is half the term to maturity Duration is undefined Duration is the same as the term to maturity None of the above 13. Immunisation attempts to balance (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Price risk and default risk Price risk and reinvestment risk disengage risk and reinvestment risk Inflation risk and price risk None of the above 4. Which bond has the longest duration? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 12-year maturity, 5 % coupon 12-year maturity, 7% coupon 8-year maturity , 7% coupon 8-year maturity , 5 % coupon None of the above 15. Which among the following may not be a plausible reason for a company issuing callable bonds? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) master interest rate forecasting great investment flexibility decrease in interest rate risk Strategic positioning None of the above 56 KEY 1 (e) 12 (d) 2 (d) 13 (b) 3 (a) 14 (a) 4 (b) 15(d) 5 (d) 6 (c) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (a) 11 (a) 57 INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 1.International external exchange market is dominated by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Speculative transactions Hedging transactions Mercantile transactions Transactions between central banks None of the above 2. supervene upon rates in India are fixed by (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Ministry of finance Reserve Bank of India Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India A committee appointed for this purpose None of the above 3. Commission charged by abroad exchange dealers generally range from (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 0. 25 to 0. 50 percent 0. 02 to 0. 05 percent There is no position range They do not charge any commission None of the above . The bid-ask spread reflects (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The breadth of the market The depth of the market The volatility of the market All the above None of the above 5. If the forward bid in points is less than the offer rate in points, which of the following is not true? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) The foreign bullion is at a premium The home currency is at a premium The foreign currency is at a discount Both a and b None of the above 6. Currency futures contracts are traded 58 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Over phone/electronic media Over the counter by leading banks In exchanges In all the above In none of the above 7.A tailor made currency option can be purchased from (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Organised exchanges Banks dealing in foreign exchange Mercantile agents Investment banks None of the above 8. Eurocurrency market is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 9. The advantage of issuing a GDR is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) There is no listing fee hard disclosures are not required There are no arduous reporting requirements All the above None of the above Market in which currencies of European nations are traded International market for loans denominated in euro International market for short-term capital International market for long term capital None of the above 0. Which one of the following attracts stringent listing requirements? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) northern bond ADS GDR Both a and c None of the above 11. pugilism credit advance has to be liquidated (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) By negotiation of export bills By receipt of export proceeds By availing of rupee term loan Either a or b None of the above 59 12. Forfaiting essentially refers to (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Financing exporter? s inventory Discounting exporter? s receivables Guaranteeing of the export receivables by the exporter? s bank Surrendering the export proceeds in favour of the discounting bank None of the above 3. The beneficiary of a Letter of Credit is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Importer Exporter Exporter? s bank Importer? s bank None of the above 14. Forward contracts are entered into to hedge (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Transaction exposure Translation exposure Operating exposure All the above None of the above 15. Which one of the following may not be a means of mitigating operating exposure? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Change in sourcing Shift in the location of production Change in product-market combination Leading and lagging None of the above 6. As foreign exchange market is an OTC market, which of the following is not true? (a) (b) (c) (d) There is lesser price transparency Trades can be customised in terms of maturities There is risk of counterparty default There cannot be dif ferences in the exchange rates for the same currency pair, for different counterparties (e) None of the above 60 17. Which of the following currency is traded in both the euromarket and the offshore market? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) US Dollar British Pound Euro All the above None of the above 18.The spread over SIBOR for a given borrowing is also a function of the prevailing market conditions a. True b. False 19. Bonds issued by a German company in the US, denominated in dollars are (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Foreign bonds domestic bonds Eurobonds International bonds None of the above 20. In the case of GDRs issued by Indian companies, the reverse conversion i. e. from shares to GDRs is freely permitted a. True b. False KEY 1 (a) 12 (b) 2 (e) 13 (b) 3 (d) 14 (a) 4 (d) 15 (d) 5 (a) 16(d) 6 (c) 17(d) 7 (b) 18(a) 8 (c) 19(a) 9 (d) 20(b) 10 (a) 11 (d) 61 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF SICK UNITS . RBI study on the causes of industrial sickness shows that the incidence of sickness is highest in India on a ccount of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Labour trouble Market recession Mismanagement and managerial deficiencies unseasonable initial planning and other technical drawbacks None of the above 2. If CDR is not possible, the restructuring may be done through (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) NS OTS ADB Either a or b None of the above 3. Which of the following is not a reason for classifying a unit as sick by term bestow financial institutions? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Default in meeting a certain no. f consequent instalments Continued erosion of market share Cash losses for a certain period Continued erosion of net worth , say by 50 percent None of the above KEY 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (b) 62 CORPORATE RISK MANAGEMENT 1. Economic risks mostly may not arise on account of (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Output price R&D Labour cost Competitive environment None of the above 2. In general, which among the following may not have any significant impact on the performance of a firm? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Economic risks Financial risks Techn ological risks Regulatory risks None of the above 3.Hedging activities aimed at reducing total corporate risk, are regarded as irrelevant by modern finance theory a. True b. False 4. According to CAPM, only the unique risk has a head on the required rate of return a. True b. False 5. Greater financial flexibility to cope with volatility in financial prices is provided by a (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) High current ratio High gearing ratio Low gearing ratio High quick ratio None of the above 6. R2 refers to the (a) (b) (c) (d) Coefficient of multiple regression Variance of regression Coefficient of multiple correlation Coefficient of multiple covariance 63 e) None of the above 7. Total risk cannot be fully offset by hedging with market portfolio a. True b. False 8. If you want to hedge interest rate risk, you should (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Go long on interest rate contract Go short on interest rate contract Sell a forward contract immortalise into a forward rate agreement None of the above 9. Futures are forward contracts a. True b. False 10. You will not be mark to market, if you (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Purchase a futures contract Sell a futures contract Purchase an options contract Sell an options contract None of the above 11. In a currency swap interest payments are not swapped a.True b. False 12. Which of the following may not be a reason for going in for a financial swap? (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Spread compression Market segmentation Market saturation Difference in financial norms None of the above 13. Which among the following is not standardized (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Options contract Futures contract trade in contract All the above None of the above 64 14. insurance policy companies do face the problem of adverse selection but not that of moral hazard a. True b. False 15. Globally the most popular measure of risk is (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Duration VAR R2 Gap analysis None of the above 6. For commodities the following relationship is expected to hold Futures price (a) (1+rf )t Futures price (b) (1+rf)t Futures price (c) (1+rf)t Futures price (d) (1+rf)t (e) None of the above = accredit price model value of storage costs + Present value of convenience yield = Spot price + Present value of storage costs Present value of convenience yield = Spot price+Present value of storage costs + Present value of convenience yield = Spot price KEY 1 (b) 12(e) 2 (e) 13(c) 3(a) 14(b) 4(b) 15(b) 5(c) 16(c) 6(c) 7(a) 8(d) 9(a) 10(c) 11(b) 65